Rights statement: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Applied Soil Ecology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Applied Soil Ecology, 105, 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.014
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of phenanthrene and its nitrogen-heterocyclic analogues aged in soil on the earthworm Eisenia fetida
AU - Anyanwu, Ihuoma
AU - Semple, Kirk Taylor
N1 - This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Applied Soil Ecology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Applied Soil Ecology, 105, 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.014
PY - 2016/9
Y1 - 2016/9
N2 - Major sources of homocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-containing analogues (N-PAHs) are found in the environment after being discharged through petrogenic, pyrogenic and biogenic activities. Using a health index tool and the OECD guideline 207, the ecotoxicity of phenanthrene and its nitrogen-containing analogues to the earthworm Eisenia fetida were assessed in agricultural soil at different times after spiking. The effects were measured over a 21 d exposure period (over time), during which earthworms’ general health condition, mortality and biomass were assessed. The LC50 and EC50 (based on weight loss) ranged from 400–500 mg kg−1 dry soil and 1.2–500 mg kg−1 dry soil, respectively. The N-PAHs were more toxic to E. fetida and over time more available in soil than the homocyclic-phenanthrene analogue. Benzo[h]quinoline (B[h]Q) was the most toxic and persistent of the chemicals. Furthermore, the observed physical damages to the earthworms showed that N-PAHs, especially B[h]Q, may have cellular autolytic impact on E. fetida. These findings offer new insight on the toxicity of aromatics in soil which might be useful in risk assessment of contaminated sites.
AB - Major sources of homocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-containing analogues (N-PAHs) are found in the environment after being discharged through petrogenic, pyrogenic and biogenic activities. Using a health index tool and the OECD guideline 207, the ecotoxicity of phenanthrene and its nitrogen-containing analogues to the earthworm Eisenia fetida were assessed in agricultural soil at different times after spiking. The effects were measured over a 21 d exposure period (over time), during which earthworms’ general health condition, mortality and biomass were assessed. The LC50 and EC50 (based on weight loss) ranged from 400–500 mg kg−1 dry soil and 1.2–500 mg kg−1 dry soil, respectively. The N-PAHs were more toxic to E. fetida and over time more available in soil than the homocyclic-phenanthrene analogue. Benzo[h]quinoline (B[h]Q) was the most toxic and persistent of the chemicals. Furthermore, the observed physical damages to the earthworms showed that N-PAHs, especially B[h]Q, may have cellular autolytic impact on E. fetida. These findings offer new insight on the toxicity of aromatics in soil which might be useful in risk assessment of contaminated sites.
KW - N-PAHs
KW - Phenanthrene
KW - Ecotoxicity
KW - Health index
KW - Earthworms
U2 - 10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.014
DO - 10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.014
M3 - Journal article
VL - 105
SP - 151
EP - 159
JO - Applied Soil Ecology
JF - Applied Soil Ecology
SN - 0929-1393
ER -