Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Electrospun polyurethane/hydroxyapatite bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
T2 - The role of solvent and hydroxyapatite particles
AU - Tetteh, G.
AU - Khan, A.S.
AU - Delaine-Smith, R.M.
AU - Reilly, G.C.
AU - Rehman, I.U.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Polyurethane (PU) is a promising polymer to support bone-matrix producing cells due to its durability and mechanical resistance. In this study two types of medical grade poly-ether urethanes Z3A1 and Z9A1 and PU-Hydroxyapatite (PU-HA) composites were investigated for their ability to act as a scaffold for tissue engineered bone. PU dissolved in varying concentrations of dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvents were electrospun to attain scaffolds with randomly orientated non-woven fibres. Bioactive polymeric composite scaffolds were created using 15. wt% Z3A1 in a 70/30 DMF/THF PU solution and incorporating micro- or nano-sized HA particles in a ratio of 3:1 respectively, whilst a 25. wt% Z9A1 PU solution was doped in ratio of 5:1. Chemical properties of the resulting composites were evaluated by FTIR and physical properties by SEM. Tensile mechanical testing was carried out on all electrospun scaffolds. MLO-A5 osteoblastic mouse cells and human embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cells, hES-MPs were seeded on the scaffolds to test their biocompatibility and ability to support mineralised matrix production over a 28 day culture period. Cell viability was assayed by MTT and calcium and collagen deposition by Sirius red and alizarin red respectively. SEM images of both electrospun PU scaffolds and PU-HA composite scaffolds showed differences in fibre morphology with changes in solvent combinations and size of HA particles. Inclusion of THF eliminated the presence of beads in fibres that were present in scaffolds fabricated with 100% DMF solvent, and resulted in fibres with a more uniform morphology and thicker diameters. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the Young[U+05F3]s Modulus and yield strength was lower at higher THF concentrations. Inclusion of both sizes of HA particles in PU-HA solutions reinforced the scaffolds leading to higher mechanical properties, whilst FTIR characterisation confirmed the presence of HA in all composite scaffolds. Although all scaffolds supported proliferation of both cell types and deposition of calcified matrix, PU-HA composite fibres containing nano-HA enabled the highest cell viability and collagen deposition. These scaffolds have the potential to support bone matrix formation for bone tissue engineering. © 2014 The Authors.
AB - Polyurethane (PU) is a promising polymer to support bone-matrix producing cells due to its durability and mechanical resistance. In this study two types of medical grade poly-ether urethanes Z3A1 and Z9A1 and PU-Hydroxyapatite (PU-HA) composites were investigated for their ability to act as a scaffold for tissue engineered bone. PU dissolved in varying concentrations of dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvents were electrospun to attain scaffolds with randomly orientated non-woven fibres. Bioactive polymeric composite scaffolds were created using 15. wt% Z3A1 in a 70/30 DMF/THF PU solution and incorporating micro- or nano-sized HA particles in a ratio of 3:1 respectively, whilst a 25. wt% Z9A1 PU solution was doped in ratio of 5:1. Chemical properties of the resulting composites were evaluated by FTIR and physical properties by SEM. Tensile mechanical testing was carried out on all electrospun scaffolds. MLO-A5 osteoblastic mouse cells and human embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cells, hES-MPs were seeded on the scaffolds to test their biocompatibility and ability to support mineralised matrix production over a 28 day culture period. Cell viability was assayed by MTT and calcium and collagen deposition by Sirius red and alizarin red respectively. SEM images of both electrospun PU scaffolds and PU-HA composite scaffolds showed differences in fibre morphology with changes in solvent combinations and size of HA particles. Inclusion of THF eliminated the presence of beads in fibres that were present in scaffolds fabricated with 100% DMF solvent, and resulted in fibres with a more uniform morphology and thicker diameters. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the Young[U+05F3]s Modulus and yield strength was lower at higher THF concentrations. Inclusion of both sizes of HA particles in PU-HA solutions reinforced the scaffolds leading to higher mechanical properties, whilst FTIR characterisation confirmed the presence of HA in all composite scaffolds. Although all scaffolds supported proliferation of both cell types and deposition of calcified matrix, PU-HA composite fibres containing nano-HA enabled the highest cell viability and collagen deposition. These scaffolds have the potential to support bone matrix formation for bone tissue engineering. © 2014 The Authors.
KW - Electrospinning
KW - FTIR characterisation
KW - Hydroxyapatite
KW - Mesenchymal stem cell
KW - Osteoblast
KW - Polyurethane
KW - Biocompatibility
KW - Biomechanics
KW - Bone
KW - Cell culture
KW - Cells
KW - Collagen
KW - Deposition
KW - Fibers
KW - Mechanical properties
KW - Mechanical testing
KW - Morphology
KW - Organic solvents
KW - Osteoblasts
KW - Particle reinforced composites
KW - Polyurethanes
KW - Solvents
KW - Cytology
KW - Elastic moduli
KW - Polymers
KW - Stem cells
KW - Tensile testing
KW - Tissue
KW - Tissue engineering
KW - Bone tissue engineering
KW - FTIR
KW - Hydroxyapatite particles
KW - Mesenchymal progenitor cells
KW - Tensile mechanical testing
KW - Tetrahydrofuran solvents
KW - Tissue-engineered bones
KW - Scaffolds (biology)
KW - alizarin
KW - calcium
KW - collagen
KW - hydroxyapatite
KW - n,n dimethylformamide
KW - nanoparticle
KW - polyurethan
KW - solvent
KW - tetrahydrofuran
KW - tissue scaffold
KW - urethan
KW - alizarin red s
KW - furan derivative
KW - animal cell
KW - article
KW - bone matrix
KW - bone tissue
KW - cell culture
KW - cell type
KW - cell viability
KW - dissolution
KW - electrospinning
KW - Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy
KW - human
KW - human cell
KW - mesenchymal stem cell
KW - morphology
KW - mouse
KW - nonhuman
KW - osteoblast
KW - physical chemistry
KW - polymerization
KW - priority journal
KW - scanning electron microscopy
KW - tensile strength
KW - tissue engineering
KW - Young modulus
KW - Article
KW - biocompatibility
KW - controlled study
KW - embryo
KW - MTT assay
KW - particle size
KW - animal
KW - bone
KW - cell survival
KW - chemistry
KW - cytology
KW - infrared spectroscopy
KW - materials testing
KW - mechanical stress
KW - mesenchymal stroma cell
KW - metabolism
KW - pathology
KW - procedures
KW - Animals
KW - Bone and Bones
KW - Cell Survival
KW - Dimethylformamide
KW - Durapatite
KW - Furans
KW - Humans
KW - Materials Testing
KW - Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
KW - Mice
KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
KW - Stress, Mechanical
KW - Tensile Strength
KW - Tissue Engineering
KW - Tissue Scaffolds
U2 - 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.06.019
DO - 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.06.019
M3 - Journal article
VL - 39
SP - 95
EP - 110
JO - Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
JF - Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
SN - 1751-6161
ER -