Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental applications of thermally modified and acid activated clay minerals
T2 - Current status of the art
AU - España, Victor Andres Arias
AU - Sarkar, Binoy
AU - Biswas, Bhabananda
AU - Rusmin, Ruhaida
AU - Naidu, Ravi
PY - 2019/2/1
Y1 - 2019/2/1
N2 - Adsorption has been the most common technology used for water and wastewater treatment for a number of reasons including simplicity, flexibility in design, high efficiency and cost effectiveness. Although it has been a proven technology for removal of contaminants including heavy metals, it has a major limitation to its application, which is the cost of the adsorbent. In this context, natural clay minerals are considered as low cost materials because they are abundant and can be easily modified to improve their surface properties (e.g., surface area, charge) and consequently increase the adsorption capacity and a wide range of other applicabilities. The two most common modification methods of clay minerals are thermal modification and acid activation. The aim of this paper is to critically review the current status of thermally modified and acid activated clay minerals for environmental applications. It will evaluate the adsorption efficiencies and conditions for removal of contaminants and identify the existing data gaps to widespread commercial uptake of the technology.
AB - Adsorption has been the most common technology used for water and wastewater treatment for a number of reasons including simplicity, flexibility in design, high efficiency and cost effectiveness. Although it has been a proven technology for removal of contaminants including heavy metals, it has a major limitation to its application, which is the cost of the adsorbent. In this context, natural clay minerals are considered as low cost materials because they are abundant and can be easily modified to improve their surface properties (e.g., surface area, charge) and consequently increase the adsorption capacity and a wide range of other applicabilities. The two most common modification methods of clay minerals are thermal modification and acid activation. The aim of this paper is to critically review the current status of thermally modified and acid activated clay minerals for environmental applications. It will evaluate the adsorption efficiencies and conditions for removal of contaminants and identify the existing data gaps to widespread commercial uptake of the technology.
KW - Acid activation
KW - Adsorption
KW - Clay minerals
KW - Contaminants removal
KW - Thermal treatment
U2 - 10.1016/j.eti.2016.11.005
DO - 10.1016/j.eti.2016.11.005
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85007566339
VL - 13
SP - 383
EP - 397
JO - Environmental Technology and Innovation
JF - Environmental Technology and Innovation
SN - 2352-1864
ER -