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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental formation of sulfonated-PCBs and OH-sulfonated-PCBs
T2 - Is it greater under aerobic or anaerobic conditions?
AU - Palladini, Jessica
AU - Gandhi, Bhushan P
AU - Jones, Kevin C
AU - Terzaghi, Elisa
AU - Zanardini, Elisabetta
AU - Palmisano, Giovanni
AU - Bagnati, Renzo
AU - Passoni, Alice
AU - Semple, Kirk T
AU - Di Guardo, Antonio
PY - 2025/7/3
Y1 - 2025/7/3
N2 - The aerobic and anaerobic degradation of PCBs is well documented in literature. On the other hand, OH-sulfonated- and sulfonated-PCBs are newly discovered metabolites, therefore, little information is known about their fate in the environment. For instance, their formation in anaerobic conditions was never investigated. In the current paper, aerobic, anaerobic-aerobic (two steps mode) and anaerobic treatments were set up to compare for the first time the OH-, OH-sulfonated- and sulfonated-PCB production in different oxic and anoxic conditions. For this purpose, leaves of Quercus ilex were used as microbial inoculum in 40 mL vials spiked with PCB 155 used as individual contaminant. In general, all three classes were produced in every condition. The aerobic treatment was the best one, as the highest concentrations and number of congeners were detected. Then, the more oxygen decreases, the lower the concentration of metabolites formed: aerobiosis > anaerobiosis-aerobiosis > anaerobiosis. In addition, the same chlorination families for each class were formed, except for the anaerobiosis-aerobiosis treatment, where a hexa-Cl-sulfonated-PCB was also detected.
AB - The aerobic and anaerobic degradation of PCBs is well documented in literature. On the other hand, OH-sulfonated- and sulfonated-PCBs are newly discovered metabolites, therefore, little information is known about their fate in the environment. For instance, their formation in anaerobic conditions was never investigated. In the current paper, aerobic, anaerobic-aerobic (two steps mode) and anaerobic treatments were set up to compare for the first time the OH-, OH-sulfonated- and sulfonated-PCB production in different oxic and anoxic conditions. For this purpose, leaves of Quercus ilex were used as microbial inoculum in 40 mL vials spiked with PCB 155 used as individual contaminant. In general, all three classes were produced in every condition. The aerobic treatment was the best one, as the highest concentrations and number of congeners were detected. Then, the more oxygen decreases, the lower the concentration of metabolites formed: aerobiosis > anaerobiosis-aerobiosis > anaerobiosis. In addition, the same chlorination families for each class were formed, except for the anaerobiosis-aerobiosis treatment, where a hexa-Cl-sulfonated-PCB was also detected.
KW - Anaerobiosis-aerobiosis
KW - Anaerobiosis
KW - Sulfonated-PCBs
KW - Aerobiosis
KW - OH-Sulfonated-PCBs
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126735
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126735
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 40609887
VL - 382
JO - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
SN - 0269-7491
M1 - 126735
ER -