This European Commission funded research aims to provide insight, for local, national and European policy makers, into how people feel about ‘being European’ and European citizenship. Men and women aged 18-24 were selected as the subjects, allowing a gender comparison and a focus on young and, therefore, new citizens. Research was conducted in pairs of cities or towns in nations and regions chosen because of their linked but contrasting histories of orientation to Europe: Vienna and the Bregenz area of Vorarlberg in Austria; Madrid and Bilbao in Spain; Chemnitz and Bielefeld, in Germany; Bratislava and Prague in the Slovak and Czech Republics; Edinburgh, Scotland and Manchester, England in the UK. The study sampled both 18-24 year old residents who were more likely to feel European because their study or work was Europe-oriented (target sample) and representative samples of young adults who had lived in the city or town for at least five years. Both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (in-depth interviews) data were gathered.