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Evaluation of Congestion Aware Social Metrics for Centrality-Based Routing

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Evaluation of Congestion Aware Social Metrics for Centrality-Based Routing. / Islam, Muhammad Arshad; Iqbal, Muhammad Azhar; Aleem, Muhammad et al.
In: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol. 2021, 5581259 , 21.06.2021.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Harvard

Islam, MA, Iqbal, MA, Aleem, M, Halim, Z, Srivastava, G & Lin, JC-W 2021, 'Evaluation of Congestion Aware Social Metrics for Centrality-Based Routing', Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2021, 5581259 . https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5581259

APA

Islam, M. A., Iqbal, M. A., Aleem, M., Halim, Z., Srivastava, G., & Lin, J. C.-W. (2021). Evaluation of Congestion Aware Social Metrics for Centrality-Based Routing. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2021, Article 5581259 . https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5581259

Vancouver

Islam MA, Iqbal MA, Aleem M, Halim Z, Srivastava G, Lin JCW. Evaluation of Congestion Aware Social Metrics for Centrality-Based Routing. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 2021 Jun 21;2021:5581259 . doi: 10.1155/2021/5581259

Author

Islam, Muhammad Arshad ; Iqbal, Muhammad Azhar ; Aleem, Muhammad et al. / Evaluation of Congestion Aware Social Metrics for Centrality-Based Routing. In: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 2021 ; Vol. 2021.

Bibtex

@article{b67d2f7ce6f34966940230e65c6c8f33,
title = "Evaluation of Congestion Aware Social Metrics for Centrality-Based Routing",
abstract = "Opportunistic networks utilize pocket switching for routing where each node forwards its messages to a suitable next node. The selection of the forwarder node is crucial for the efficient performance of a routing protocol. In any opportunistic network, some nodes have a paramount role in the routing process and these nodes could be identified with the assistance of the existing centrality measures available in network theory. However, the central nodes tend to suffer from congestion because a large number of nodes that are relatively less central attempt to forward their payload to the central nodes to increase the probability of the message delivery. This paper evaluates mechanisms to transform the social encounters into congestion aware metrics so that high-ranking central nodes are downgraded when they encounter congestion. The network transformations are aimed at aggregating the connectivity patterns of the nodes to implicitly accumulate the network information to be utilized by centrality measures for routing purposes. We have analyzed the performance of the metrics{\textquoteright} computed centrality measures using routing simulation on three real-world network traces. The results revealed that betweenness centrality along with the congestion aware network metrics holds the potential to deliver a competitive number of messages. Additionally, the proposed congestion aware metrics significantly balance the routing load among the central nodes.",
author = "Islam, {Muhammad Arshad} and Iqbal, {Muhammad Azhar} and Muhammad Aleem and Zahid Halim and Gautam Srivastava and Lin, {Jerry Chun-Wei}",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1155/2021/5581259",
language = "English",
volume = "2021",
journal = "Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing",
issn = "1530-8669",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Evaluation of Congestion Aware Social Metrics for Centrality-Based Routing

AU - Islam, Muhammad Arshad

AU - Iqbal, Muhammad Azhar

AU - Aleem, Muhammad

AU - Halim, Zahid

AU - Srivastava, Gautam

AU - Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei

PY - 2021/6/21

Y1 - 2021/6/21

N2 - Opportunistic networks utilize pocket switching for routing where each node forwards its messages to a suitable next node. The selection of the forwarder node is crucial for the efficient performance of a routing protocol. In any opportunistic network, some nodes have a paramount role in the routing process and these nodes could be identified with the assistance of the existing centrality measures available in network theory. However, the central nodes tend to suffer from congestion because a large number of nodes that are relatively less central attempt to forward their payload to the central nodes to increase the probability of the message delivery. This paper evaluates mechanisms to transform the social encounters into congestion aware metrics so that high-ranking central nodes are downgraded when they encounter congestion. The network transformations are aimed at aggregating the connectivity patterns of the nodes to implicitly accumulate the network information to be utilized by centrality measures for routing purposes. We have analyzed the performance of the metrics’ computed centrality measures using routing simulation on three real-world network traces. The results revealed that betweenness centrality along with the congestion aware network metrics holds the potential to deliver a competitive number of messages. Additionally, the proposed congestion aware metrics significantly balance the routing load among the central nodes.

AB - Opportunistic networks utilize pocket switching for routing where each node forwards its messages to a suitable next node. The selection of the forwarder node is crucial for the efficient performance of a routing protocol. In any opportunistic network, some nodes have a paramount role in the routing process and these nodes could be identified with the assistance of the existing centrality measures available in network theory. However, the central nodes tend to suffer from congestion because a large number of nodes that are relatively less central attempt to forward their payload to the central nodes to increase the probability of the message delivery. This paper evaluates mechanisms to transform the social encounters into congestion aware metrics so that high-ranking central nodes are downgraded when they encounter congestion. The network transformations are aimed at aggregating the connectivity patterns of the nodes to implicitly accumulate the network information to be utilized by centrality measures for routing purposes. We have analyzed the performance of the metrics’ computed centrality measures using routing simulation on three real-world network traces. The results revealed that betweenness centrality along with the congestion aware network metrics holds the potential to deliver a competitive number of messages. Additionally, the proposed congestion aware metrics significantly balance the routing load among the central nodes.

U2 - 10.1155/2021/5581259

DO - 10.1155/2021/5581259

M3 - Journal article

VL - 2021

JO - Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

JF - Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

SN - 1530-8669

M1 - 5581259

ER -