TY - JOUR

T1 - Extending Manley’s Lancashire Plain Temperature Record: 1753‐2007

AU - Gormally, Alexandra

AU - Mackenzie, Rob

AU - Tych, Wlodzimierz

PY - 2012/10

Y1 - 2012/10

N2 - Before Gordon Manley began work on his famous Central England Temperature (CET) record, he constructed an instrumental temperature record for the Lancashire Plain (LP), covering 1753–1945. We describe the construction of the LP series, and discuss strategies for its extension to the present day. We analyse the relationship between the LP and the Central England Temperature (CET) record in order to assess the value of continuing the LP. Three strategies for extending the LP have been considered: replicating the original methodology Manley used to construct the LP (option 1), using linear regression on archived station data to bring the extended record ‘in line’ with the original LP (option 2), and using the CET to predict the LP (option 3). In extending the LP, the station at Morecambe (Met Office station number 16851) was found to be particularly important. Our analysis highlights the importance of maintaining long-running records at those stations, such as Morecambe, that are representative of a wider region. All three options were successfully extended to the present, providing similar results. The three extended series resulted in annual mean differences of 0.23, 0.26, and 0.29 °C below the CET, respectively. Both options 1 and 2 appear to provide a legitimate extension of the LP that is independent of the CET. Owing to uncertainties in the replication of Manley's methodology, option 2 was used in our final reconstruction of the LP to 2007. The final extension was found to be significantly correlated to (r2 = 0.912), and statistically indistinguishable from, the CET (Student's t-test, p = 1). Anomalies between the two series (CET–LP) resulted in a frequency distribution with mean of 0.26 °C, and relative standard deviation of 60%, showing that, although closely correlated, there is significant inter-annual variability in the bias between the datasets.

AB - Before Gordon Manley began work on his famous Central England Temperature (CET) record, he constructed an instrumental temperature record for the Lancashire Plain (LP), covering 1753–1945. We describe the construction of the LP series, and discuss strategies for its extension to the present day. We analyse the relationship between the LP and the Central England Temperature (CET) record in order to assess the value of continuing the LP. Three strategies for extending the LP have been considered: replicating the original methodology Manley used to construct the LP (option 1), using linear regression on archived station data to bring the extended record ‘in line’ with the original LP (option 2), and using the CET to predict the LP (option 3). In extending the LP, the station at Morecambe (Met Office station number 16851) was found to be particularly important. Our analysis highlights the importance of maintaining long-running records at those stations, such as Morecambe, that are representative of a wider region. All three options were successfully extended to the present, providing similar results. The three extended series resulted in annual mean differences of 0.23, 0.26, and 0.29 °C below the CET, respectively. Both options 1 and 2 appear to provide a legitimate extension of the LP that is independent of the CET. Owing to uncertainties in the replication of Manley's methodology, option 2 was used in our final reconstruction of the LP to 2007. The final extension was found to be significantly correlated to (r2 = 0.912), and statistically indistinguishable from, the CET (Student's t-test, p = 1). Anomalies between the two series (CET–LP) resulted in a frequency distribution with mean of 0.26 °C, and relative standard deviation of 60%, showing that, although closely correlated, there is significant inter-annual variability in the bias between the datasets.

KW - Historical climatology

KW - Central England temperature

KW - Regional climate change

KW - British climate

KW - Instrumental temperature record

KW - Lancashire Plain

U2 - 10.1002/joc.2404

DO - 10.1002/joc.2404

M3 - Journal article

VL - 32

SP - 1899

EP - 1908

JO - International Journal of Climatology

JF - International Journal of Climatology

SN - 0899-8418

IS - 12

ER -