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Faces of Focus: A Study on the Facial Cues of Attentional States

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Published
  • Ebrahim Babaei
  • Namrata Srivastava
  • Joshua Newn
  • Qiushi Zhou
  • Tilman Dingler
  • Eduardo Velloso
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Publication date21/04/2020
Host publicationCHI '20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Place of PublicationNew York
PublisherACM
Pages1-13
Number of pages13
ISBN (print)9781450367080
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

Automatically detecting attentional states is a prerequisite for designing interventions to manage attention - knowledge workers' most critical resource. As a first step towards this goal, it is necessary to understand how different attentional states are made discernible through visible cues in knowledge workers. In this paper, we demonstrate the important facial cues to detect attentional states by evaluating a data set of 15 participants that we tracked over a whole workday, which included their challenge and engagement levels. Our evaluation shows that gaze, pitch, and lips part action units are indicators of engaged work; while pitch, gaze movements, gaze angle, and upper-lid raiser action units are indicators of challenging work. These findings reveal a significant relationship between facial cues and both engagement and challenge levels experienced by our tracked participants. Our work contributes to the design of future studies to detect attentional states based on facial cues.