TY - JOUR

T1 - Gaze, Wall, and Racket

T2 - Combining Gaze and Hand-Controlled Plane for 3D Selection in Virtual Reality

AU - Wagner, Uta

AU - Albrecht, Matthias

AU - Jacobsen, Andreas Asferg

AU - Wang, Haopeng

AU - Gellersen, Hans

AU - Pfeuffer, Ken

PY - 2024/12/31

Y1 - 2024/12/31

N2 - Raypointing, the status-quo pointing technique for virtual reality, is challenging with many occluded and overlapping objects. In this work, we investigate how eye-tracking input can assist the gestural ray pointing in the disambiguation of targets in densely populated scenes. We explore the concept of Gaze + Plane, where the intersection between the user's gaze and a hand-controlled plane facilitates 3D position specification. In particular, two techniques are investigated: Gaze&Wall, which employs an indirect plane positioned in depth using a hand ray, and Gaze&Racket, featuring a hand-held and rotatable plane. In a first experiment, we reveal the speed-error trade-offs between Gaze + Plane techniques. In a second study, we compared the best techniques to newly designed gesture-only techniques, finding that Gaze&Wall is less error-prone and significantly faster. Our research has relevance for spatial interaction, specifically on advanced techniques for complex 3D tasks.

AB - Raypointing, the status-quo pointing technique for virtual reality, is challenging with many occluded and overlapping objects. In this work, we investigate how eye-tracking input can assist the gestural ray pointing in the disambiguation of targets in densely populated scenes. We explore the concept of Gaze + Plane, where the intersection between the user's gaze and a hand-controlled plane facilitates 3D position specification. In particular, two techniques are investigated: Gaze&Wall, which employs an indirect plane positioned in depth using a hand ray, and Gaze&Racket, featuring a hand-held and rotatable plane. In a first experiment, we reveal the speed-error trade-offs between Gaze + Plane techniques. In a second study, we compared the best techniques to newly designed gesture-only techniques, finding that Gaze&Wall is less error-prone and significantly faster. Our research has relevance for spatial interaction, specifically on advanced techniques for complex 3D tasks.

KW - complex 3D tasks

KW - disambiguation

KW - eye-tracking

KW - gaze interaction

KW - object selection

KW - occlusion

U2 - 10.1145/3698134

DO - 10.1145/3698134

M3 - Journal article

VL - 8

SP - 189

EP - 213

JO - Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

JF - Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

IS - ISS

M1 - 534

ER -