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Hypothesis: Bacterial induced inflammation disrupts the orderly progression of the stem cell hierarchy and has a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer

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Hypothesis: Bacterial induced inflammation disrupts the orderly progression of the stem cell hierarchy and has a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. / Marwaha, A.K.; Morris, J.A.; Rigby, R.J.
In: Medical Hypotheses, Vol. 136, 109530, 31.03.2020.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

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Marwaha AK, Morris JA, Rigby RJ. Hypothesis: Bacterial induced inflammation disrupts the orderly progression of the stem cell hierarchy and has a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Medical Hypotheses. 2020 Mar 31;136:109530. Epub 2019 Dec 13. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109530

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@article{dd94564cb03540f1b5d995a48bca372a,
title = "Hypothesis: Bacterial induced inflammation disrupts the orderly progression of the stem cell hierarchy and has a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer",
abstract = "Background: The hierarchical model of stem cell genesis is based on the idea that the number of cell divisions between the zygote and fully differentiated epithelial cells is kept close to the minimum, which is log to the base 2 of the total number of cells produced in a human lifetime. The model assumes the orderly progression of stem cell divisions requires precise control at every stage in development. If the orderly progression is maintained then cancer will be rare. A prediction of the model is that if the orderly progression of the stem cell hierarchy is disturbed by trauma, ulceration or inflammation then cancer will occur. Hypothesis: Bacterial induced inflammation in breast ducts disturbs the stem cell hierarchy and is a cause of breast cancer. Evidence: Mammalian milk is not sterile. It contains a range of bacteria, derived endogenously by the entero-mammary circulation. The dominant flora consists of lactose fermenting bacteria. Pregnancy and breast feeding reduce the risk of subsequent breast cancer. The implication is that a lactose fermenting bacterial flora in breast ducts is protective. Malignant and benign breast tissue contains bacteria derived endogenously, but studies so far have not revealed a specific flora associated with malignancy. Periodontitis is associated with oral, oesophageal, colonic, pancreatic, prostatic and breast cancer. The pathogenic bacteria which cause periodontitis spread endogenously to cause inflammation at other epithelial sites. Meta-analysis of epidemiological studies shows that the consumption of yoghurt is associated with a reduction in the risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: The hypothesis, although not proven, is supported by the available evidence. Lactose fermenting bacteria protect but pathogenic bacteria which induce inflammation raise the risk of breast cancer. The consumption of yoghurt also appears to be protective.",
keywords = "Hierarchical stem cell model, Breast cancer, Mammalian milk bacterial flora, Breastfeeding, Mammary duct dysbiosis, Periodontitis, Yoghurt",
author = "A.K. Marwaha and J.A. Morris and R.J. Rigby",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
day = "31",
doi = "10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109530",
language = "English",
volume = "136",
journal = "Medical Hypotheses",
issn = "0306-9877",
publisher = "Churchill Livingstone",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Hypothesis

T2 - Bacterial induced inflammation disrupts the orderly progression of the stem cell hierarchy and has a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer

AU - Marwaha, A.K.

AU - Morris, J.A.

AU - Rigby, R.J.

PY - 2020/3/31

Y1 - 2020/3/31

N2 - Background: The hierarchical model of stem cell genesis is based on the idea that the number of cell divisions between the zygote and fully differentiated epithelial cells is kept close to the minimum, which is log to the base 2 of the total number of cells produced in a human lifetime. The model assumes the orderly progression of stem cell divisions requires precise control at every stage in development. If the orderly progression is maintained then cancer will be rare. A prediction of the model is that if the orderly progression of the stem cell hierarchy is disturbed by trauma, ulceration or inflammation then cancer will occur. Hypothesis: Bacterial induced inflammation in breast ducts disturbs the stem cell hierarchy and is a cause of breast cancer. Evidence: Mammalian milk is not sterile. It contains a range of bacteria, derived endogenously by the entero-mammary circulation. The dominant flora consists of lactose fermenting bacteria. Pregnancy and breast feeding reduce the risk of subsequent breast cancer. The implication is that a lactose fermenting bacterial flora in breast ducts is protective. Malignant and benign breast tissue contains bacteria derived endogenously, but studies so far have not revealed a specific flora associated with malignancy. Periodontitis is associated with oral, oesophageal, colonic, pancreatic, prostatic and breast cancer. The pathogenic bacteria which cause periodontitis spread endogenously to cause inflammation at other epithelial sites. Meta-analysis of epidemiological studies shows that the consumption of yoghurt is associated with a reduction in the risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: The hypothesis, although not proven, is supported by the available evidence. Lactose fermenting bacteria protect but pathogenic bacteria which induce inflammation raise the risk of breast cancer. The consumption of yoghurt also appears to be protective.

AB - Background: The hierarchical model of stem cell genesis is based on the idea that the number of cell divisions between the zygote and fully differentiated epithelial cells is kept close to the minimum, which is log to the base 2 of the total number of cells produced in a human lifetime. The model assumes the orderly progression of stem cell divisions requires precise control at every stage in development. If the orderly progression is maintained then cancer will be rare. A prediction of the model is that if the orderly progression of the stem cell hierarchy is disturbed by trauma, ulceration or inflammation then cancer will occur. Hypothesis: Bacterial induced inflammation in breast ducts disturbs the stem cell hierarchy and is a cause of breast cancer. Evidence: Mammalian milk is not sterile. It contains a range of bacteria, derived endogenously by the entero-mammary circulation. The dominant flora consists of lactose fermenting bacteria. Pregnancy and breast feeding reduce the risk of subsequent breast cancer. The implication is that a lactose fermenting bacterial flora in breast ducts is protective. Malignant and benign breast tissue contains bacteria derived endogenously, but studies so far have not revealed a specific flora associated with malignancy. Periodontitis is associated with oral, oesophageal, colonic, pancreatic, prostatic and breast cancer. The pathogenic bacteria which cause periodontitis spread endogenously to cause inflammation at other epithelial sites. Meta-analysis of epidemiological studies shows that the consumption of yoghurt is associated with a reduction in the risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: The hypothesis, although not proven, is supported by the available evidence. Lactose fermenting bacteria protect but pathogenic bacteria which induce inflammation raise the risk of breast cancer. The consumption of yoghurt also appears to be protective.

KW - Hierarchical stem cell model

KW - Breast cancer

KW - Mammalian milk bacterial flora

KW - Breastfeeding

KW - Mammary duct dysbiosis

KW - Periodontitis

KW - Yoghurt

U2 - 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109530

DO - 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109530

M3 - Journal article

VL - 136

JO - Medical Hypotheses

JF - Medical Hypotheses

SN - 0306-9877

M1 - 109530

ER -