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‘I Feel Persecuted. It’s So Distressing and Upsetting, It Is All Too Much’. A Disablist Hate Crime Typology: Intimidation, Exploitation and Brutalization

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

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‘I Feel Persecuted. It’s So Distressing and Upsetting, It Is All Too Much’. A Disablist Hate Crime Typology: Intimidation, Exploitation and Brutalization. / Houghton, Valerie; Muller, Thaddeus.
In: British Journal of Criminology, 10.03.2025.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

Harvard

Houghton, V & Muller, T 2025, '‘I Feel Persecuted. It’s So Distressing and Upsetting, It Is All Too Much’. A Disablist Hate Crime Typology: Intimidation, Exploitation and Brutalization', British Journal of Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaf014

APA

Houghton, V., & Muller, T. (2025). ‘I Feel Persecuted. It’s So Distressing and Upsetting, It Is All Too Much’. A Disablist Hate Crime Typology: Intimidation, Exploitation and Brutalization. British Journal of Criminology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaf014

Vancouver

Houghton V, Muller T. ‘I Feel Persecuted. It’s So Distressing and Upsetting, It Is All Too Much’. A Disablist Hate Crime Typology: Intimidation, Exploitation and Brutalization. British Journal of Criminology. 2025 Mar 10. Epub 2025 Mar 10. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azaf014

Author

Houghton, Valerie ; Muller, Thaddeus. / ‘I Feel Persecuted. It’s So Distressing and Upsetting, It Is All Too Much’. A Disablist Hate Crime Typology : Intimidation, Exploitation and Brutalization. In: British Journal of Criminology. 2025.

Bibtex

@article{f9da2bbb27934f54b699617b567aa38d,
title = "{\textquoteleft}I Feel Persecuted. It{\textquoteright}s So Distressing and Upsetting, It Is All Too Much{\textquoteright}. A Disablist Hate Crime Typology: Intimidation, Exploitation and Brutalization",
abstract = "In this article, we develop a typology of disablist hate crime that does justice to the lived experience of victims and highlights the differences between disablist hate crime and other forms of hate crime in England. This research consists of analyses of cases and semi-structured interviews with professionals. Based on interaction type, its duration, meaning, frequency, severity, and harm, we developed three categories: (1) intimidation, (2) exploitation and (3) brutalization. We argue that because of the specific symbolic nature of targeting disabled people, these acts should be considered as potential hate crimes.",
author = "Valerie Houghton and Thaddeus Muller",
year = "2025",
month = mar,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1093/bjc/azaf014",
language = "English",
journal = "British Journal of Criminology",
issn = "0007-0955",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - ‘I Feel Persecuted. It’s So Distressing and Upsetting, It Is All Too Much’. A Disablist Hate Crime Typology

T2 - Intimidation, Exploitation and Brutalization

AU - Houghton, Valerie

AU - Muller, Thaddeus

PY - 2025/3/10

Y1 - 2025/3/10

N2 - In this article, we develop a typology of disablist hate crime that does justice to the lived experience of victims and highlights the differences between disablist hate crime and other forms of hate crime in England. This research consists of analyses of cases and semi-structured interviews with professionals. Based on interaction type, its duration, meaning, frequency, severity, and harm, we developed three categories: (1) intimidation, (2) exploitation and (3) brutalization. We argue that because of the specific symbolic nature of targeting disabled people, these acts should be considered as potential hate crimes.

AB - In this article, we develop a typology of disablist hate crime that does justice to the lived experience of victims and highlights the differences between disablist hate crime and other forms of hate crime in England. This research consists of analyses of cases and semi-structured interviews with professionals. Based on interaction type, its duration, meaning, frequency, severity, and harm, we developed three categories: (1) intimidation, (2) exploitation and (3) brutalization. We argue that because of the specific symbolic nature of targeting disabled people, these acts should be considered as potential hate crimes.

U2 - 10.1093/bjc/azaf014

DO - 10.1093/bjc/azaf014

M3 - Journal article

JO - British Journal of Criminology

JF - British Journal of Criminology

SN - 0007-0955

ER -