TY - JOUR

T1 - Identifying the Main Predictors of Length of Care in Social Care in Portugal

AU - Lopes, H.

AU - Guerreiro, G.

AU - Esquível, M.

AU - Mateus, C.

PY - 2021/8/31

Y1 - 2021/8/31

N2 - In this paper, we aim to identify the main predictors at admission and estimate patients' length of care (LOC), within the framework of the Portuguese National Network for Long-Term Integrated Care, considering two care settings: (1) home and community-based services (HCBS) and (2) nursing home (NH) units comprising Short, Medium, or Long Stay Care. This study relied on a database of 20,984 Portuguese individuals who were admitted to the official long-term care (LTC) system and discharged during 2015. A generalised linear model (GLM) with gamma distribution was adjusted to HCBS and NH populations. Two sets of explanatory variables were used to model the random variable, LOC, namely, patient characteristics (age, gender, family/neighbour support, dependency levels at admission for locomotion, cognitive status, and activities of daily living [ADL]) and external factors (referral entity, number of beds/treatment places per 1,000 inhabitants ≥65 years of age), maturity and occupancy rate of the institution, and care setting. The features found to most influence the reduction of LOC are: male gender, having family/neighbour support, being referred by hospitals to NH (or by primary care to HCBS), and being admitted to units with a lower occupancy rate and with fewer months in operation. Regarding the dependency levels, as the number of ADL considered "dependent"increases, LOC also increases. As for the cognitive status, despite the opposite trend, it was only statistically significant for NH. Furthermore, two additional models were applied by including "death,"although this feature is not observable upon admission. By creating a model that allows for an estimate of the expected LOC for a new individual entering the Portuguese LTC system, policy-makers are able to estimate future costs and optimise resources.

AB - In this paper, we aim to identify the main predictors at admission and estimate patients' length of care (LOC), within the framework of the Portuguese National Network for Long-Term Integrated Care, considering two care settings: (1) home and community-based services (HCBS) and (2) nursing home (NH) units comprising Short, Medium, or Long Stay Care. This study relied on a database of 20,984 Portuguese individuals who were admitted to the official long-term care (LTC) system and discharged during 2015. A generalised linear model (GLM) with gamma distribution was adjusted to HCBS and NH populations. Two sets of explanatory variables were used to model the random variable, LOC, namely, patient characteristics (age, gender, family/neighbour support, dependency levels at admission for locomotion, cognitive status, and activities of daily living [ADL]) and external factors (referral entity, number of beds/treatment places per 1,000 inhabitants ≥65 years of age), maturity and occupancy rate of the institution, and care setting. The features found to most influence the reduction of LOC are: male gender, having family/neighbour support, being referred by hospitals to NH (or by primary care to HCBS), and being admitted to units with a lower occupancy rate and with fewer months in operation. Regarding the dependency levels, as the number of ADL considered "dependent"increases, LOC also increases. As for the cognitive status, despite the opposite trend, it was only statistically significant for NH. Furthermore, two additional models were applied by including "death,"although this feature is not observable upon admission. By creating a model that allows for an estimate of the expected LOC for a new individual entering the Portuguese LTC system, policy-makers are able to estimate future costs and optimise resources.

KW - Dependency levels

KW - Home and community-based services

KW - Length of care

KW - Long-term care

KW - Nursing homes

KW - Portugal

KW - adult

KW - article

KW - controlled study

KW - daily life activity

KW - explanatory variable

KW - female

KW - gender

KW - human

KW - locomotion

KW - major clinical study

KW - male

KW - maturity

KW - nursing home

KW - patient referral

KW - Portuguese (citizen)

KW - primary medical care

KW - social care

U2 - 10.1159/000516141

DO - 10.1159/000516141

M3 - Journal article

VL - 39

SP - 21

EP - 35

JO - Portuguese Journal of Public Health

JF - Portuguese Journal of Public Health

IS - 1

ER -