Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of porosity and relative humidity on consolidation of dolostone with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles
T2 - Effectiveness assessment with non-destructive techniques
AU - López-Arce, P.
AU - Gomez-Villalba, L.S.
AU - Pinho, L.
AU - Fernández-Valle, M.E.
AU - de Buergo, M.Á.
AU - Fort, R.
PY - 2010/2/2
Y1 - 2010/2/2
N2 - Slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) nanoparticles were exposed at 33% and 75% relative humidity (RH) to consolidate dolostone samples used in historical buildings. Non-destructive techniques (NDT) were applied to determine the chemical, morphological, physical and hydric properties of the stone samples, before and after 20 days treatment. Morphological and mineralogical characterisation of the nanoparticles was performed. 75% RH favors the consolidation process studied under Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM-EDS), spectrophotometry, capillarity, water absorption under vacuum, ultrasound velocity, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (imaging and relaxometry) and Optical Surface Roughness analyses. At 75% RH the nanoparticles fill the pores and inter-crystalline dolomite grain contacts but do not favor calcite re-crystallization as it occurs at 33% RH. The ESEM, XRD and TEM analyses under 75% RH reveal the fast transformation of portlandite (Ca(OH)2) into vaterite (CaCO3), monohydrocalcite (CaCO3 · H2O) and calcite (CaCO3), and eventually the physical and hydric properties of the stones significantly improve. New insights are provided for the assessment of consolidation effectiveness of porous carbonate stones with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles under optimum RH conditions combining several NDT.
AB - Slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) nanoparticles were exposed at 33% and 75% relative humidity (RH) to consolidate dolostone samples used in historical buildings. Non-destructive techniques (NDT) were applied to determine the chemical, morphological, physical and hydric properties of the stone samples, before and after 20 days treatment. Morphological and mineralogical characterisation of the nanoparticles was performed. 75% RH favors the consolidation process studied under Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM-EDS), spectrophotometry, capillarity, water absorption under vacuum, ultrasound velocity, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (imaging and relaxometry) and Optical Surface Roughness analyses. At 75% RH the nanoparticles fill the pores and inter-crystalline dolomite grain contacts but do not favor calcite re-crystallization as it occurs at 33% RH. The ESEM, XRD and TEM analyses under 75% RH reveal the fast transformation of portlandite (Ca(OH)2) into vaterite (CaCO3), monohydrocalcite (CaCO3 · H2O) and calcite (CaCO3), and eventually the physical and hydric properties of the stones significantly improve. New insights are provided for the assessment of consolidation effectiveness of porous carbonate stones with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles under optimum RH conditions combining several NDT.
KW - Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles
KW - Stone
KW - Consolidation
KW - Humidity
KW - Porosity
KW - Non-destructive techniques
U2 - 10.1016/j.matchar.2009.11.007
DO - 10.1016/j.matchar.2009.11.007
M3 - Journal article
VL - 61
SP - 168
EP - 184
JO - Materials Characterization
JF - Materials Characterization
SN - 1044-5803
IS - 2
ER -