Final published version
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of sex, season and environmental air quality on experimental human pneumococcal carriage acquisition
T2 - a retrospective cohort analysis
AU - Cheliotis, Katerina S
AU - Jewell, Christopher P
AU - Solórzano, Carla
AU - Urban, Britta
AU - Collins, Andrea M
AU - Mitsi, Elena
AU - Pojar, Sherin
AU - Nikolaou, Elissavet
AU - German, Esther L
AU - Reiné, Jesús
AU - Gordon, Stephen B
AU - Jochems, Simon P
AU - Rylance, Jamie
AU - Ferreira, Daniela M
PY - 2022/4/11
Y1 - 2022/4/11
N2 - (pneumococcus) is the most commonly identified bacterial cause of pneumonia and the leading infectious cause of death in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Pneumococcal disease follows a seasonal pattern with increased incidence during winter. Pneumonia burden is also associated with poor air quality. Nasopharyngeal carriage of the bacterium is a pre-requisite of invasive disease. We aimed to determine if susceptibility to nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage varied by season and which environmental factors might explain such variation. We also evaluated the influence of sex on susceptibility of carriage. We collated data from five studies in which human volunteers underwent intranasal pneumococcal challenge. Generalised linear mixed-effects models were used to identify factors associated with altered risk of carriage acquisition, specifically climate and air-quality data. During 2011-2017, 374 healthy adults were challenged with type 6B pneumococcus. Odds of carriage were significantly lower in males (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.92; p=0.02), and higher with cooler temperatures (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.99; p=0.04). Likelihood of carriage was also associated with lower concentrations of local fine particulate matter concentrations (PM ) and increased local rainfall. In contrast to epidemiological series, experimental challenge allowed us to test propensity to acquisition during controlled exposures; immunological explanations for sex and climatic differences should be sought.
AB - (pneumococcus) is the most commonly identified bacterial cause of pneumonia and the leading infectious cause of death in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Pneumococcal disease follows a seasonal pattern with increased incidence during winter. Pneumonia burden is also associated with poor air quality. Nasopharyngeal carriage of the bacterium is a pre-requisite of invasive disease. We aimed to determine if susceptibility to nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage varied by season and which environmental factors might explain such variation. We also evaluated the influence of sex on susceptibility of carriage. We collated data from five studies in which human volunteers underwent intranasal pneumococcal challenge. Generalised linear mixed-effects models were used to identify factors associated with altered risk of carriage acquisition, specifically climate and air-quality data. During 2011-2017, 374 healthy adults were challenged with type 6B pneumococcus. Odds of carriage were significantly lower in males (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.92; p=0.02), and higher with cooler temperatures (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.99; p=0.04). Likelihood of carriage was also associated with lower concentrations of local fine particulate matter concentrations (PM ) and increased local rainfall. In contrast to epidemiological series, experimental challenge allowed us to test propensity to acquisition during controlled exposures; immunological explanations for sex and climatic differences should be sought.
U2 - 10.1183/23120541.00586-2021
DO - 10.1183/23120541.00586-2021
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35415189
VL - 8
JO - ERJ open research
JF - ERJ open research
SN - 2312-0541
IS - 2
M1 - 00586-2021
ER -