This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book explores the origins and consequences of some of the major environmental problems experienced in both eastern and western Europe. It argues that the fundamental cause of many of these environmental problems is the dislocation which can be observed between the economic and environmental agendas evident in previous eras of development. The book trace the origins of the spatial and environmental problems of many of the broader regions of central and eastern Europe and shows that geopolitical considerations can be seen to work against the achievement of either environmental progress or economic efficiency. It examines the role of central government and local authorities, and of land use planning in particular, in the management and control of environmental risk. The book illustrates the social and economic impediments to the achievement of sustainable development in Hungary.