TY - JOUR

T1 - Invited viewpoint: pathways to low-cost MXene synthesis

AU - Zaed, M.A.

AU - Tan, K.H.

AU - Saidur, R.

AU - Abdullah, N.

AU - Pandey, A.K.

PY - 2024/5/31

Y1 - 2024/5/31

N2 - MXenes, a class of two-dimensional material with exceptional properties, have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in various industries. However, the high production costs associated with MXene synthesis present a substantial barrier to its widespread use. The synthesis methods, risk factors, environmental factors, and most importantly, expensive precursors create a barrier to MXene applications. Numerous review articles on MXene materials have been published. However, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of potential ways to reduce the cost of these potential materials, which indicates the novelty of this work. The current article aims to provide a review of the synthesis method, risk factors, environmental factors, and, most importantly, how to convert recycled materials as precursors into MXenes and enhance the cost-effectiveness of MXene production. This review found that modified acid etching is the most convenient route for MXene synthesis, preserving the MXene properties while being concerned with risks and environmental factors. Recycled materials (e.g., tires, aluminum scrap, biochar, and activated carbon) can be used to synthesize high-quality MXenes by fine-tuning their contents. We propose a comprehensive approach to reduce the cost of MXenes. This article includes technical challenges and future recommendations for further research on this topic. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

AB - MXenes, a class of two-dimensional material with exceptional properties, have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in various industries. However, the high production costs associated with MXene synthesis present a substantial barrier to its widespread use. The synthesis methods, risk factors, environmental factors, and most importantly, expensive precursors create a barrier to MXene applications. Numerous review articles on MXene materials have been published. However, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of potential ways to reduce the cost of these potential materials, which indicates the novelty of this work. The current article aims to provide a review of the synthesis method, risk factors, environmental factors, and, most importantly, how to convert recycled materials as precursors into MXenes and enhance the cost-effectiveness of MXene production. This review found that modified acid etching is the most convenient route for MXene synthesis, preserving the MXene properties while being concerned with risks and environmental factors. Recycled materials (e.g., tires, aluminum scrap, biochar, and activated carbon) can be used to synthesize high-quality MXenes by fine-tuning their contents. We propose a comprehensive approach to reduce the cost of MXenes. This article includes technical challenges and future recommendations for further research on this topic. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

KW - Abstracting

KW - Activated carbon

KW - Cost benefit analysis

KW - Cost reduction

KW - Etching

KW - Recycling

KW - Scrap metal reprocessing

KW - Comprehensive analysis

KW - Environmental factors

KW - Low-costs

KW - Potential materials

KW - Production cost

KW - Property

KW - Recycled materials

KW - Risk factors

KW - Synthesis method

KW - Two-dimensional materials

KW - Cost effectiveness

U2 - 10.1007/s10853-024-09666-6

DO - 10.1007/s10853-024-09666-6

M3 - Journal article

VL - 59

SP - 7575

EP - 7594

JO - Journal of Materials Science

JF - Journal of Materials Science

SN - 0022-2461

IS - 18

ER -