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LightPay: A Lightweight and Secure Off-Chain Multi-Path Payment Scheme Based on Adapter Signatures

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  • Yaqin Liu
  • Wei Liang
  • Kun Xie
  • Songyou Xie
  • Kuanching Li
  • Weizhi Meng
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>31/07/2024
<mark>Journal</mark>IEEE Transactions on Services Computing
Issue number4
Volume17
Number of pages14
Pages (from-to)1622-1635
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date17/11/23
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

The payment channel network aims to solve the problems of long payment confirmation time and limited throughput in cryptocurrencies through off-chain payments. Hash Time-Lock Contract (HTLC) is an off-chain payment protocol that Lightning Network (LN) adopted. Unfortunately, when performing high-valued payments off-chain, due to the impact of payment channel capacity, it is often necessary to split a single payment, which increases the transaction fees and time. Therefore, we propose LightPay, an atomic off-chain multi-path payment protocol based on adapter signature and discrete logarithm problem. Among different conditions encoded in the multi-path contract, the multi-path transmission of a single high-valued payment can be realized under the premise of the unlinkability of partial payments. We construct an ideal functionality in the Universal Composability framework and demonstrate that LightPay UC-realizes it, thereby providing proof of its security and privacy. Experimental results indicate that the payment success rate of LightPay can be increased by 11.08% in 0.0025 BTC payments compared with the single-path payment protocol Multihop HTLC in LN. Additionally, compared with the multi-path payment protocol CryptoMaze, the communication overhead required by LightPay is reduced to about 55.6% on average in the simulated network. Overall, LightPay has advantages regarding payment success rate and overhead.