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MXene synthesis in a semi-continuous 3D-printed PVDF flow reactor

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Published
  • Molly J. Clark
  • Alice E. Oakley
  • Nikolay Zhelev
  • Marina Carravetta
  • Thomas Byrne
  • Adrian M. Nightingale
  • Nuno Bimbo
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>21/04/2025
<mark>Journal</mark>Nanoscale Advances
Issue number8
Volume7
Number of pages5
Pages (from-to)2166-2170
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date19/03/25
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides known as MXenes represent a promising class of functional materials for electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, electromagnetic shielding, and optoelectronics. Typical synthesis methods require highly concentrated acids and HF-containing or HF-forming chemicals, under batch conditions. Environmentally friendly, safe, efficient, and scalable synthesis methods for MXenes have been identified as the number one research challenge for MXene research over the next decade. Here we use flow chemistry to present a semi-continuous synthesis of Ti 3C 2T z in a custom 3D-printed reactor. The synthesis is safer and is the first step towards scalable methods, yielding fully etched MXenes with better removal of Al from the starting MAX phase compared to the equivalent batch procedure.