Rights statement: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of the Operational Research Society on 9/11/2018, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01605682.2018.1480906
Accepted author manuscript, 1.48 MB, PDF document
Available under license: CC BY-NC: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
| <mark>Journal publication date</mark> | 1/06/2019 |
|---|---|
| <mark>Journal</mark> | Journal of the Operational Research Society |
| Issue number | 6 |
| Volume | 70 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Pages (from-to) | 998-1010 |
| Publication Status | Published |
| Early online date | 9/11/18 |
| <mark>Original language</mark> | English |
Last-mile delivery operations are complex, and the conventional way of using a single mode of delivery (e.g. driving) is not necessarily an efficient strategy. This paper describes a two-level parcel distribution model that combines walking and driving for a single driver. The model aims to minimise the total travelling time by scheduling a vehicle’s routing and the driver’s walking sequence when making deliveries, taking decisions on parking locations into consideration. The model is a variant of the Clustered Travelling Salesman Problem with Time Windows, in which the sequence of visits within each cluster is required to form a closed tour. When applied to a case study of an actual vehicle round from a parcel carrier operating in London, savings of over 20% in the total operation time were returned over the current situation where 144 parcels were being delivered to 57 delivery locations.