Final published version
Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review
Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review
}
TY - GEN
T1 - Parforce
T2 - Objectives and achievements
AU - O'Dowd, C. D.
AU - Becker, E.
AU - Hoell, C.
AU - Mäkelä, J. M.
AU - Kulmala, M.
AU - Hämeri, K.
AU - Väkevä, M.
AU - Pirjola, L.
AU - Aalto, P.
AU - Hansson, H. C.
AU - Strom, J.
AU - Jennings, S. G.
AU - Geever, M.
AU - De Leeuw, G.
AU - Kunz, G.
AU - Berresheim, H.
AU - Hewitt, C. N.
AU - Sartin, J.
AU - Harrison, R. M.
AU - Allen, A. G.
AU - Viisanen, Y.
AU - Korhonen, P.
AU - Rapsomanikis, S.
AU - Hoffman, T.
PY - 2000/8/6
Y1 - 2000/8/6
N2 - Understanding the formation of natural particles in the atmosphere, and their growth to radiatively active sizes, is critical to quantifying the role of anthropogenic emissions on cloud formation, climate change and public health. Only a few regions have been identified as strong natural sources of aerosols in the boundary layer: in particular, the coastal region seems to be the strongest natural source of these new particles. The PARFORCE program was designed to elucidate and understand the underlying processes leading to observed coastal nucleation and to quantify the factors promoting coastal nucleation. Initial results indicate that nucleation rates in the coastal environment are of the order of 107 cm−3 s−1 and can be explained by ternary nucleation of sulphuric acid, water vapor and ammonia; however, growth to detectable sizes can only be explained by additional condensation of, probably, organic vapor—otherwise these new stable embryos are lost due to coagulation. The primary biogenic condensing species leading to the observed particle concentrations is thought to be a halocarbon derivative. Peak concentration of particles at sizes >3 nm can reach 1,000,000 cm−3 after a coastal nucleation event and these events occur almost on a daily basis over considerable spatial scales.
AB - Understanding the formation of natural particles in the atmosphere, and their growth to radiatively active sizes, is critical to quantifying the role of anthropogenic emissions on cloud formation, climate change and public health. Only a few regions have been identified as strong natural sources of aerosols in the boundary layer: in particular, the coastal region seems to be the strongest natural source of these new particles. The PARFORCE program was designed to elucidate and understand the underlying processes leading to observed coastal nucleation and to quantify the factors promoting coastal nucleation. Initial results indicate that nucleation rates in the coastal environment are of the order of 107 cm−3 s−1 and can be explained by ternary nucleation of sulphuric acid, water vapor and ammonia; however, growth to detectable sizes can only be explained by additional condensation of, probably, organic vapor—otherwise these new stable embryos are lost due to coagulation. The primary biogenic condensing species leading to the observed particle concentrations is thought to be a halocarbon derivative. Peak concentration of particles at sizes >3 nm can reach 1,000,000 cm−3 after a coastal nucleation event and these events occur almost on a daily basis over considerable spatial scales.
KW - Aerosol growth
KW - Coastal nucleation
U2 - 10.1063/1.1361987
DO - 10.1063/1.1361987
M3 - Conference contribution/Paper
AN - SCOPUS:10444232006
VL - 534
BT - AIP Conference Proceedings
A2 - Hale, Barbara
A2 - Kulmala, Markku
PB - American Institute of Physics
ER -