TY - JOUR

T1 - Pillared Mo2TiC2MXene for high-power and long-life lithium and sodium-ion batteries

AU - Maughan, P.A.

AU - Bouscarrat, L.

AU - Seymour, V.R.

AU - Shao, S.

AU - Haigh, S.J.

AU - Dawson, R.

AU - Tapia-Ruiz, N.

AU - Bimbo, N.

PY - 2021/6/7

Y1 - 2021/6/7

N2 - In this work, we apply an amine-assisted silica pillaring method to create the first example of a porous Mo2TiC2MXene with nanoengineered interlayer distances. The pillared Mo2TiC2has a surface area of 202 m2g−1, which is among the highest reported for any MXene, and has a variable gallery height between 0.7 and 3 nm. The expanded interlayer distance leads to significantly enhanced cycling performance for Li-ion storage, with superior capacity, rate capably and cycling stability in comparison to the non-pillared analogue. The pillared Mo2TiC2achieved a capacity over 1.7 times greater than multilayered MXene at 20 mA g−1(≈320 mA h g−1) and 2.5 times higher at 1 A g−1(≈150 mA h g−1). The fast-charging properties of pillared Mo2TiC2are further demonstrated by outstanding stability even at 1 A g−1(under 8 min charge time), retaining 80% of the initial capacity after 500 cycles. Furthermore, we use a combination of spectroscopic techniques (i.e.XPS, NMR and Raman) to show unambiguously that the charge storage mechanism of this MXene occurs by a conversion reaction through the formation of Li2O. This reaction increases by 2-fold the capacity beyond intercalation, and therefore, its understanding is crucial for further development of this family of materials. In addition, we also investigate for the first time the sodium storage properties of the pillared and non-pillared Mo2TiC2

AB - In this work, we apply an amine-assisted silica pillaring method to create the first example of a porous Mo2TiC2MXene with nanoengineered interlayer distances. The pillared Mo2TiC2has a surface area of 202 m2g−1, which is among the highest reported for any MXene, and has a variable gallery height between 0.7 and 3 nm. The expanded interlayer distance leads to significantly enhanced cycling performance for Li-ion storage, with superior capacity, rate capably and cycling stability in comparison to the non-pillared analogue. The pillared Mo2TiC2achieved a capacity over 1.7 times greater than multilayered MXene at 20 mA g−1(≈320 mA h g−1) and 2.5 times higher at 1 A g−1(≈150 mA h g−1). The fast-charging properties of pillared Mo2TiC2are further demonstrated by outstanding stability even at 1 A g−1(under 8 min charge time), retaining 80% of the initial capacity after 500 cycles. Furthermore, we use a combination of spectroscopic techniques (i.e.XPS, NMR and Raman) to show unambiguously that the charge storage mechanism of this MXene occurs by a conversion reaction through the formation of Li2O. This reaction increases by 2-fold the capacity beyond intercalation, and therefore, its understanding is crucial for further development of this family of materials. In addition, we also investigate for the first time the sodium storage properties of the pillared and non-pillared Mo2TiC2

KW - Fast charging (Batteries)

KW - Lithium

KW - Lithium-ion batteries

KW - Metal ions

KW - Molybdenum compounds

KW - Silica

KW - Storage (materials)

KW - Titanium compounds

KW - Charging property

KW - Conversion reactions

KW - Cycling performance

KW - Cycling stability

KW - Interlayer distance

KW - Pillaring method

KW - Spectroscopic technique

KW - Storage properties

KW - Sodium-ion batteries

U2 - 10.1039/d1na00081k

DO - 10.1039/d1na00081k

M3 - Journal article

VL - 3

SP - 3145

EP - 3158

JO - Nanoscale Advances

JF - Nanoscale Advances

SN - 2516-0230

IS - 11

ER -