TY - JOUR

T1 - Polypyrrole functionalized (Ti 3 C 2 T x –SnO 2 NPs) nanocomposite-based hybrid capacitive electrode for electrochemical detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae

AU - Khaleque, Md. Abdul

AU - Sazza, Moumita Rahman

AU - Akter, Selina

AU - Ali, Md. Romzan

AU - Hossain, Syed Imdadul

AU - Saidur, Rahman

AU - Aly Saad Aly, Mohamed

AU - Khan, Md. Zaved H.

PY - 2025/9/5

Y1 - 2025/9/5

N2 - Bacterial detection is crucial for accurate clinical diagnostics and effective environmental monitoring. Particularly, Klebsiella pneumoniae, a pathogenic bacterium, can cause a wide range of infections, including meningitis, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and wound or surgical site infections. Herein, a polypyrrole (PPy) functionalized Ti3C2Tx–tin dioxide nanoparticle (SnO2 NPs) nanocomposite-based hybrid capacitive electrode for the electrochemical detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 is developed. The PPy layer was coated onto the Ti3C2Tx–SnO2 NPs via drop-casting, followed by immobilization of bacteriophages through a potentiostatic, charge-directed chronoamperometric approach. The resulting Ti3C2Tx–SnO2 NPs/PPy/phage biosensor exhibited a wide dynamic detection range of 10 to 106 CFU mL−1, with excellent linearity confirmed by differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanocomposite was characterized by using a suite of techniques including FTIR, XRD, elemental mapping, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge–discharge to understand its composition, structure, and electrochemical properties. The developed Ti3C2Tx–SnO2 NPs/PPy hybrid electrode demonstrated typical supercapacitor behavior with a specific capacitance of 806.67 F g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 of current density, and exhibited exceptional cycling stability, storing 98.3% of its capacitance after 104 consecutive cycles. The selectivity of the modified electrode to detect K. pneumoniae while minimizing interference from various bacterial cells was assessed, exhibiting remarkable resilience, and remaining unaffected. Additionally, after eleven successive weeks of storage, the proposed sensor showed no discernible reduction current (∼98.1%), demonstrating an excellent stability. Despite the presence of background bacterial interference in the environmental sample, K. pneumoniae detection remained highly reliable and consistent with recovery efficiency ranging from 99.75 to 99.90%.

AB - Bacterial detection is crucial for accurate clinical diagnostics and effective environmental monitoring. Particularly, Klebsiella pneumoniae, a pathogenic bacterium, can cause a wide range of infections, including meningitis, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and wound or surgical site infections. Herein, a polypyrrole (PPy) functionalized Ti3C2Tx–tin dioxide nanoparticle (SnO2 NPs) nanocomposite-based hybrid capacitive electrode for the electrochemical detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 is developed. The PPy layer was coated onto the Ti3C2Tx–SnO2 NPs via drop-casting, followed by immobilization of bacteriophages through a potentiostatic, charge-directed chronoamperometric approach. The resulting Ti3C2Tx–SnO2 NPs/PPy/phage biosensor exhibited a wide dynamic detection range of 10 to 106 CFU mL−1, with excellent linearity confirmed by differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanocomposite was characterized by using a suite of techniques including FTIR, XRD, elemental mapping, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge–discharge to understand its composition, structure, and electrochemical properties. The developed Ti3C2Tx–SnO2 NPs/PPy hybrid electrode demonstrated typical supercapacitor behavior with a specific capacitance of 806.67 F g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 of current density, and exhibited exceptional cycling stability, storing 98.3% of its capacitance after 104 consecutive cycles. The selectivity of the modified electrode to detect K. pneumoniae while minimizing interference from various bacterial cells was assessed, exhibiting remarkable resilience, and remaining unaffected. Additionally, after eleven successive weeks of storage, the proposed sensor showed no discernible reduction current (∼98.1%), demonstrating an excellent stability. Despite the presence of background bacterial interference in the environmental sample, K. pneumoniae detection remained highly reliable and consistent with recovery efficiency ranging from 99.75 to 99.90%.

U2 - 10.1039/d5ra03642a

DO - 10.1039/d5ra03642a

M3 - Journal article

VL - 15

SP - 32041

EP - 32055

JO - RSC Advances

JF - RSC Advances

SN - 2046-2069

IS - 39

ER -