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Prototype wireless sensors for monitoring subsurface processes in snow and firn

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Published
  • Elizabeth A. Bagshaw
  • Nanna B. Karlsson
  • Lai Bun Lok
  • B. E.N. Lishman
  • Lindsay Clare
  • Keith W. Nicholls
  • Steve Burrow
  • Jemma L. Wadham
  • Olaf Eisen
  • Hugh Corr
  • Paul Brennan
  • Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>12/2018
<mark>Journal</mark>Journal of Glaciology
Issue number248
Volume64
Number of pages10
Pages (from-to)887-896
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date18/10/18
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

The detection and monitoring of meltwater within firn presents a significant monitoring challenge. We explore the potential of small wireless sensors (ETracer+, ET+) to measure temperature, pressure, electrical conductivity and thus the presence or absence of meltwater within firn, through tests in the dry snow zone at the East Greenland Ice Core Project site. The tested sensor platforms are small, robust and low cost, and communicate data via a VHF radio link to surface receivers. The sensors were deployed in low-temperature firn at the centre and shear margins of an ice stream for 4 weeks, and a 'bucket experiment' was used to test the detection of water within otherwise dry firn. The tests showed the ET+ could log subsurface temperatures and transmit the recorded data through up to 150 m dry firn. Two VHF receivers were tested: an autonomous phase-sensitive radio-echo sounder (ApRES) and a WinRadio. The ApRES can combine high-resolution imaging of the firn layers (by radio-echo sounding) with in situ measurements from the sensors, to build up a high spatial and temporal resolution picture of the subsurface. These results indicate that wireless sensors have great potential for long-term monitoring of firn processes.