This paper examines whether firms cut R&D spending in response to short-term earnings pressures and how equity markets interpret such behaviour. Failure to report positive earnings and earnings growth increases the probability of a subsequent cut in R&D spending, while pressure to report positive earnings and earnings growth in the current period leads to contemporaneous cuts in R&D investment. On average, investors place less weight on earnings increases accompanied by unexpected cuts in R&D spending. However, the magnitude of the valuation discount varies according to the perceived reason for the cut and the importance of R&D investment as a driver of firm value.