Rights statement: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Hazardous Materials. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Hazardous Materials, 401, 2020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123892
Accepted author manuscript, 1.3 MB, PDF document
Available under license: CC BY-NC: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Remediation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize or to degrade?
AU - Bolan, N.
AU - Sarkar, B.
AU - Yan, Y.
AU - Li, Q.
AU - Wijesekara, H.
AU - Kannan, K.
AU - Tsang, D.C.W.
AU - Schauerte, M.
AU - Bosch, J.
AU - Noll, H.
AU - Ok, Y.S.
AU - Scheckel, K.
AU - Kumpiene, J.
AU - Gobindlal, K.
AU - Kah, M.
AU - Sperry, J.
AU - Kirkham, M.B.
AU - Wang, H.
AU - Tsang, Y.F.
AU - Hou, D.
AU - Rinklebe, J.
N1 - This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Hazardous Materials. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Hazardous Materials, 401, 2020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123892
PY - 2021/1/5
Y1 - 2021/1/5
N2 - Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic chemicals, which are introduced to the environment through anthropogenic activities. Aqueous film forming foam used in firefighting, wastewater effluent, landfill leachate, and biosolids are major sources of PFAS input to soil and groundwater. Remediation of PFAS contaminated solid and aqueous media is challenging, which is attributed to the chemical and thermal stability of PFAS and the complexity of PFAS mixtures. In this review, remediation of PFAS contaminated soils through manipulation of their bioavailability and destruction is presented. While the mobilizing amendments (e.g., surfactants) enhance the mobility and bioavailability of PFAS, the immobilizing amendments (e.g., activated carbon) decrease their bioavailability and mobility. Mobilizing amendments can be applied to facilitate the removal of PFAS though soil washing, phytoremediation, and complete destruction through thermal and chemical redox reactions. Immobilizing amendments are likely to reduce the transfer of PFAS to food chain through plant and biota (e.g., earthworm) uptake, and leaching to potable water sources. Future studies should focus on quantifying the potential leaching of the mobilized PFAS in the absence of removal by plant and biota uptake or soil washing, and regular monitoring of the long-term stability of the immobilized PFAS. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AB - Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic chemicals, which are introduced to the environment through anthropogenic activities. Aqueous film forming foam used in firefighting, wastewater effluent, landfill leachate, and biosolids are major sources of PFAS input to soil and groundwater. Remediation of PFAS contaminated solid and aqueous media is challenging, which is attributed to the chemical and thermal stability of PFAS and the complexity of PFAS mixtures. In this review, remediation of PFAS contaminated soils through manipulation of their bioavailability and destruction is presented. While the mobilizing amendments (e.g., surfactants) enhance the mobility and bioavailability of PFAS, the immobilizing amendments (e.g., activated carbon) decrease their bioavailability and mobility. Mobilizing amendments can be applied to facilitate the removal of PFAS though soil washing, phytoremediation, and complete destruction through thermal and chemical redox reactions. Immobilizing amendments are likely to reduce the transfer of PFAS to food chain through plant and biota (e.g., earthworm) uptake, and leaching to potable water sources. Future studies should focus on quantifying the potential leaching of the mobilized PFAS in the absence of removal by plant and biota uptake or soil washing, and regular monitoring of the long-term stability of the immobilized PFAS. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
KW - Aqueous firefighting foam
KW - Biosolids
KW - Mobilization and immobilization
KW - PFAS
KW - Soil remediation
KW - Biochemistry
KW - Bioremediation
KW - Chemical stability
KW - Effluents
KW - Groundwater
KW - Leachate treatment
KW - Leaching
KW - Potable water
KW - Redox reactions
KW - Soil pollution
KW - Soils
KW - Thermodynamic stability
KW - Washing
KW - Anthropogenic activity
KW - Aqueous film forming foams
KW - Contaminated solids
KW - Long term stability
KW - Perfluoroalkyl substances
KW - Poly and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFASs)
KW - Synthetic chemicals
KW - Wastewater effluents
KW - Soil pollution control
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123892
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123892
M3 - Journal article
VL - 401
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
SN - 0304-3894
M1 - 123892
ER -