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    Rights statement: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Chemosphere. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Chemosphere, 176, 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.126

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Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers

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Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers. / Fick, Jerker; Brodin, Tomas; Heynen, Martina et al.
In: Chemosphere, Vol. 176, 06.2017, p. 324-332.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Harvard

Fick, J, Brodin, T, Heynen, M, Klaminder, J, Jonsson, M, Grabicova, K, Randak, T, Grabic, R, Kodes, V, Slobodnik, J, Sweetman, A, Earnshaw, M, Barra Caracciolo, A, Lettieri, T & Loos, R 2017, 'Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers', Chemosphere, vol. 176, pp. 324-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.126

APA

Fick, J., Brodin, T., Heynen, M., Klaminder, J., Jonsson, M., Grabicova, K., Randak, T., Grabic, R., Kodes, V., Slobodnik, J., Sweetman, A., Earnshaw, M., Barra Caracciolo, A., Lettieri, T., & Loos, R. (2017). Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers. Chemosphere, 176, 324-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.126

Vancouver

Fick J, Brodin T, Heynen M, Klaminder J, Jonsson M, Grabicova K et al. Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers. Chemosphere. 2017 Jun;176:324-332. Epub 2017 Feb 27. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.126

Author

Fick, Jerker ; Brodin, Tomas ; Heynen, Martina et al. / Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers. In: Chemosphere. 2017 ; Vol. 176. pp. 324-332.

Bibtex

@article{91d9646fd4124344b8dae72c37b2f17c,
title = "Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers",
abstract = "Pharmaceuticals as environmental contaminants have received a lot of interest over the past decade but, for several pharmaceuticals, relatively little is known about their occurrence in European surface waters. Benzodiazepines, a class of pharmaceuticals with anxiolytic properties, have received interest due to their behavioral modifying effect on exposed biota. In this study, our results show the presence of one or more benzodiazepine(s) in 86% of the analyzed surface water samples (n = 138) from 30 rivers, representing seven larger European catchments. Of the 13 benzodiazepines included in the study, we detected 9, which together showed median and mean concentrations (of the results above limit of quantification) of 5.4 and 9.6 ng L−1, respectively. Four benzodiazepines (oxazepam, temazepam, clobazam, and bromazepam) were the most commonly detected. In particular, oxazepam had the highest frequency of detection (85%) and a maximum concentration of 61 ng L−1. Temazepam and clobazam were found in 26% (maximum concentration of 39 ng L−1) and 14% (maximum concentration of 11 ng L−1) of the samples analyzed, respectively. Finally, bromazepam was found only in Germany and in 16 out of total 138 samples (12%), with a maximum concentration of 320 ng L−1. This study clearly shows that benzodiazepines are common micro-contaminants of the largest European river systems at ng L−1 levels. Although these concentrations are more than a magnitude lower than those reported to have effective effects on exposed biota, environmental effects cannot be excluded considering the possibility of additive and sub-lethal effects.",
keywords = "Anxiolytics, Oxazepam, Temazepam, Clobazam, Bromazepam",
author = "Jerker Fick and Tomas Brodin and Martina Heynen and Jonatan Klaminder and Micael Jonsson and Katerina Grabicova and Tomas Randak and Roman Grabic and Vit Kodes and Jaroslav Slobodnik and Andrew Sweetman and Mark Earnshaw and {Barra Caracciolo}, Anna and Teresa Lettieri and Robert Loos",
note = "This is the author{\textquoteright}s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Chemosphere. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Chemosphere, 176, 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.126",
year = "2017",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.126",
language = "English",
volume = "176",
pages = "324--332",
journal = "Chemosphere",
issn = "0045-6535",
publisher = "NLM (Medline)",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers

AU - Fick, Jerker

AU - Brodin, Tomas

AU - Heynen, Martina

AU - Klaminder, Jonatan

AU - Jonsson, Micael

AU - Grabicova, Katerina

AU - Randak, Tomas

AU - Grabic, Roman

AU - Kodes, Vit

AU - Slobodnik, Jaroslav

AU - Sweetman, Andrew

AU - Earnshaw, Mark

AU - Barra Caracciolo, Anna

AU - Lettieri, Teresa

AU - Loos, Robert

N1 - This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Chemosphere. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Chemosphere, 176, 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.126

PY - 2017/6

Y1 - 2017/6

N2 - Pharmaceuticals as environmental contaminants have received a lot of interest over the past decade but, for several pharmaceuticals, relatively little is known about their occurrence in European surface waters. Benzodiazepines, a class of pharmaceuticals with anxiolytic properties, have received interest due to their behavioral modifying effect on exposed biota. In this study, our results show the presence of one or more benzodiazepine(s) in 86% of the analyzed surface water samples (n = 138) from 30 rivers, representing seven larger European catchments. Of the 13 benzodiazepines included in the study, we detected 9, which together showed median and mean concentrations (of the results above limit of quantification) of 5.4 and 9.6 ng L−1, respectively. Four benzodiazepines (oxazepam, temazepam, clobazam, and bromazepam) were the most commonly detected. In particular, oxazepam had the highest frequency of detection (85%) and a maximum concentration of 61 ng L−1. Temazepam and clobazam were found in 26% (maximum concentration of 39 ng L−1) and 14% (maximum concentration of 11 ng L−1) of the samples analyzed, respectively. Finally, bromazepam was found only in Germany and in 16 out of total 138 samples (12%), with a maximum concentration of 320 ng L−1. This study clearly shows that benzodiazepines are common micro-contaminants of the largest European river systems at ng L−1 levels. Although these concentrations are more than a magnitude lower than those reported to have effective effects on exposed biota, environmental effects cannot be excluded considering the possibility of additive and sub-lethal effects.

AB - Pharmaceuticals as environmental contaminants have received a lot of interest over the past decade but, for several pharmaceuticals, relatively little is known about their occurrence in European surface waters. Benzodiazepines, a class of pharmaceuticals with anxiolytic properties, have received interest due to their behavioral modifying effect on exposed biota. In this study, our results show the presence of one or more benzodiazepine(s) in 86% of the analyzed surface water samples (n = 138) from 30 rivers, representing seven larger European catchments. Of the 13 benzodiazepines included in the study, we detected 9, which together showed median and mean concentrations (of the results above limit of quantification) of 5.4 and 9.6 ng L−1, respectively. Four benzodiazepines (oxazepam, temazepam, clobazam, and bromazepam) were the most commonly detected. In particular, oxazepam had the highest frequency of detection (85%) and a maximum concentration of 61 ng L−1. Temazepam and clobazam were found in 26% (maximum concentration of 39 ng L−1) and 14% (maximum concentration of 11 ng L−1) of the samples analyzed, respectively. Finally, bromazepam was found only in Germany and in 16 out of total 138 samples (12%), with a maximum concentration of 320 ng L−1. This study clearly shows that benzodiazepines are common micro-contaminants of the largest European river systems at ng L−1 levels. Although these concentrations are more than a magnitude lower than those reported to have effective effects on exposed biota, environmental effects cannot be excluded considering the possibility of additive and sub-lethal effects.

KW - Anxiolytics

KW - Oxazepam

KW - Temazepam

KW - Clobazam

KW - Bromazepam

U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.126

DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.126

M3 - Journal article

VL - 176

SP - 324

EP - 332

JO - Chemosphere

JF - Chemosphere

SN - 0045-6535

ER -