TY - JOUR

T1 - Segregation and stability in surface alloys

T2 - PdxRu 1-x/Ru(0001) and PtxRu1-x/Ru(0001)

AU - Bergbreiter, Andreas

AU - Hoster, Harry E.

AU - Behm, R. Jürgen

PY - 2011/4/18

Y1 - 2011/4/18

N2 - The stability of PdRu/Ru(0001) and PtRu/Ru(0001) surface alloys and the tendency for surface segregation of Pd and Pt subsurface guest metals in these surface alloys is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Atomic resolution STM imaging and AES measurements reveal that upon overgrowing the surface alloys with a 1-2 monolayer Ru film and subsequent annealing to the temperatures required for initial surface alloy formation, the Ru-covered Pd (Pt) atoms float back to the outermost layer. The lateral distribution of these species is also essentially identical to that of the initial surface alloys, before overgrowth by Ru. In combination, this clearly demonstrates that the surface alloys represent stable surface configurations, metastable only towards entropically favored bulk dissolution, and that there is a distinct driving force for surface segregation of these species. Consequences of these data on the mechanism for surface alloy formation are discussed. Floating in PtRu (PdRu) surface alloys on Ru(0001): The PtRu (PdRu)monolayer surface alloy layer is covered with the substrate metal Ru by means of physical vapour depositon. Subsequent annealing to temperatures necessary for surface alloy formation reconstitutes the original Pt (Pd) amount as well as the original atom distribution of the initial equilibrated alloy layer (see picture).

AB - The stability of PdRu/Ru(0001) and PtRu/Ru(0001) surface alloys and the tendency for surface segregation of Pd and Pt subsurface guest metals in these surface alloys is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Atomic resolution STM imaging and AES measurements reveal that upon overgrowing the surface alloys with a 1-2 monolayer Ru film and subsequent annealing to the temperatures required for initial surface alloy formation, the Ru-covered Pd (Pt) atoms float back to the outermost layer. The lateral distribution of these species is also essentially identical to that of the initial surface alloys, before overgrowth by Ru. In combination, this clearly demonstrates that the surface alloys represent stable surface configurations, metastable only towards entropically favored bulk dissolution, and that there is a distinct driving force for surface segregation of these species. Consequences of these data on the mechanism for surface alloy formation are discussed. Floating in PtRu (PdRu) surface alloys on Ru(0001): The PtRu (PdRu)monolayer surface alloy layer is covered with the substrate metal Ru by means of physical vapour depositon. Subsequent annealing to temperatures necessary for surface alloy formation reconstitutes the original Pt (Pd) amount as well as the original atom distribution of the initial equilibrated alloy layer (see picture).

KW - alloys

KW - Auger electron spectroscopy

KW - energetics

KW - surface alloy formation

KW - surface chemistry

U2 - 10.1002/cphc.201001087

DO - 10.1002/cphc.201001087

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:79953897628

VL - 12

SP - 1148

EP - 1154

JO - ChemPhysChem

JF - ChemPhysChem

SN - 1439-4235

IS - 6

ER -