Rights statement: This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in International Journal of Epidemiology following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Eric Emerson, Amber Savage, Gwynnyth Llewellyn; Significant cognitive delay among 3- to 4-year old children in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence estimates and potential impact of preventative interventions, International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 47, Issue 5, 1 October 2018, Pages 1465–1474, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy161 is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/47/5/1465/5067133
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Significant cognitive delay among 3- to 4-year old children in low- and middle-income countries
T2 - prevalence estimates and potential impact of preventative interventions
AU - Emerson, Eric
AU - Savage, Amber
AU - Llewellyn, Gwynnyth
N1 - This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in International Journal of Epidemiology following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Eric Emerson, Amber Savage, Gwynnyth Llewellyn; Significant cognitive delay among 3- to 4-year old children in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence estimates and potential impact of preventative interventions, International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 47, Issue 5, 1 October 2018, Pages 1465–1474, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy161 is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/47/5/1465/5067133
PY - 2018/10/1
Y1 - 2018/10/1
N2 - BackgroundWe sought to: (i) estimate the prevalence of significant cognitive delay (a marked delay in the development of general cognitive functioning) among nationally representative samples of young children in middle- and low-income countries; (ii) estimate the total number of children under 5 years of age with significant cognitive delay living in low- and middle-income countries; and (iii) estimate the potential impact of five preventative interventions.MethodsSecondary analysis of data collected in Rounds 4 and 5 of UNICEF’s Multiple Cluster Indicators Surveys in 51 countries involving 163 293 3- to 4-year-old children. Adjusted population-attributable fractions were used to estimate the potential impact of five interventions based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).ResultsThe prevalence of significant cognitive delay in 3- to 4-year-old children in middle- and low-income countries was 10.1% (95% confidence interval 9.7–10.4%). Prevalence was strongly inversely related to country economic wealth. The estimated total number of children under 5 with significant cognitive delay living in low- and middle-income countries was just under 55 million. This number could be reduced by over 60% if three separate SDGs were achieved; every mother had secondary-level education, every household had access to improved water and sanitation, and every child had an acceptable level of home stimulation.ConclusionsOur results provide additional evidence in support of a range of specific preventative interventions in early childhood to reduce the loss of developmental potential among children in low- and middle-income countries.
AB - BackgroundWe sought to: (i) estimate the prevalence of significant cognitive delay (a marked delay in the development of general cognitive functioning) among nationally representative samples of young children in middle- and low-income countries; (ii) estimate the total number of children under 5 years of age with significant cognitive delay living in low- and middle-income countries; and (iii) estimate the potential impact of five preventative interventions.MethodsSecondary analysis of data collected in Rounds 4 and 5 of UNICEF’s Multiple Cluster Indicators Surveys in 51 countries involving 163 293 3- to 4-year-old children. Adjusted population-attributable fractions were used to estimate the potential impact of five interventions based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).ResultsThe prevalence of significant cognitive delay in 3- to 4-year-old children in middle- and low-income countries was 10.1% (95% confidence interval 9.7–10.4%). Prevalence was strongly inversely related to country economic wealth. The estimated total number of children under 5 with significant cognitive delay living in low- and middle-income countries was just under 55 million. This number could be reduced by over 60% if three separate SDGs were achieved; every mother had secondary-level education, every household had access to improved water and sanitation, and every child had an acceptable level of home stimulation.ConclusionsOur results provide additional evidence in support of a range of specific preventative interventions in early childhood to reduce the loss of developmental potential among children in low- and middle-income countries.
KW - cognitive delay
KW - intellectual disability
KW - prevention
KW - low- and middle-income countries
KW - young children
U2 - 10.1093/ije/dyy161
DO - 10.1093/ije/dyy161
M3 - Journal article
VL - 47
SP - 1465
EP - 1474
JO - International Journal of Epidemiology
JF - International Journal of Epidemiology
SN - 0300-5771
IS - 5
ER -