Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The aerodynamic behaviour of volcanic aggregates
AU - Lane, Stephen
AU - Gilbert, Jennifer
AU - HILTON, M
PY - 1993/9/1
Y1 - 1993/9/1
N2 - A large proportion of solid material transported within the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions consists of particles less than 500 mum in diameter. The majority of these particles become incorporated into a wide range of aggregate types, the aerodynamic behaviour of which has not been determined by either direct observation or in the laboratory. In the absence of such data, theoretical models of fallout from volcanic plumes make necessarily crude assumptions about aggregate densities and fall velocities. Larger volcanic ejecta often consists of pumice of lower than bulk density. Experimental data are presented for the fall velocities of porous aggregates and single particles, determined in systems analogous to that of ejecta falling from a volcanic plume. It is demonstrated that the fall of aggregates may be modelled in identical fashion to single particles by using a reduced aggregate density dependent on the porosity, and a size corresponding to an enclosing sphere. Particles incorporated into aggregates attain a substantially higher fall velocity than single particles. This is due to the larger physical dimensions of the aggregate, which overcomes the effect of lower aggregate density. Additionally, the internal porosity of the aggregate allows some flow of fluid through the aggregate and this results in a small increase in fall velocity. The increase in fall velocity of particles incorporated into aggregates, rather than falling individually, results in the enhanced removal of fine material from volcanic plumes.
AB - A large proportion of solid material transported within the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions consists of particles less than 500 mum in diameter. The majority of these particles become incorporated into a wide range of aggregate types, the aerodynamic behaviour of which has not been determined by either direct observation or in the laboratory. In the absence of such data, theoretical models of fallout from volcanic plumes make necessarily crude assumptions about aggregate densities and fall velocities. Larger volcanic ejecta often consists of pumice of lower than bulk density. Experimental data are presented for the fall velocities of porous aggregates and single particles, determined in systems analogous to that of ejecta falling from a volcanic plume. It is demonstrated that the fall of aggregates may be modelled in identical fashion to single particles by using a reduced aggregate density dependent on the porosity, and a size corresponding to an enclosing sphere. Particles incorporated into aggregates attain a substantially higher fall velocity than single particles. This is due to the larger physical dimensions of the aggregate, which overcomes the effect of lower aggregate density. Additionally, the internal porosity of the aggregate allows some flow of fluid through the aggregate and this results in a small increase in fall velocity. The increase in fall velocity of particles incorporated into aggregates, rather than falling individually, results in the enhanced removal of fine material from volcanic plumes.
KW - aggregates
KW - fall velocity
KW - volcanic plumes
KW - porosity
U2 - 10.1007/BF00304591
DO - 10.1007/BF00304591
M3 - Journal article
VL - 55
SP - 481
EP - 488
JO - Bulletin of Volcanology
JF - Bulletin of Volcanology
SN - 1432-0819
IS - 7
ER -