TY - JOUR

T1 - The effect of different immobilization strategies on the electrochemical performance of enzymatic carbonaceous electrodes developed using carbonized biomass sources

AU - Küçükayar, Şevki Furkan

AU - Şimşek, Veli

AU - Caglayan, Mustafa Oguzhan

AU - Üstündağ, Zafer

AU - Şahin, Samet

PY - 2023/10/31

Y1 - 2023/10/31

N2 - In this study, typha tassel (TT) and pussy willow (PW) as biomass sources were used to synthesize carbonaceous materials for enzymatic electrode modification. Carbonization was performed at high temperatures of up to 1000 °C under an inert atmosphere and the resulting carbonized TT (CTT) and PW (CPW) were dispersed in dimethylformamide. CTT and CPW were then characterized by SEM/EDX, MAPPING, FTIR, and XRD to confirm the carbonaceous structures. Four different immobilization strategies were used to demonstrate the use of CTT and CPW together with a glucose oxidizing enzyme (glucose oxidase, GOx), an electron transfer mediator (ferrocene, Fc), and a protective polymer coating (Chitosan, Chit). The effect of the Chit layer was first investigated on the performance of the prepared enzymatic electrodes and it was shown that Chit could help to preserve the GOx activity. The effect of the electron transfer mediator whether in a solution or co-immobilized with GOx was also investigated using a mixture of Fc and CTT or CPW and Fc-only redox active film approaches. The results indicate that when Fc co-immobilized with GOx, a better performance was achieved. The prepared electrodes showed promising results for glucose biosensing with a limit of detection and limit of quantification values of 0.97 mM and 3.2 mM, respectively, operating up to 10 mM glucose. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of different immobilization strategies of GOx on carbonaceous electrodes and provides insight into the possible use of such materials as biomass to bioelectronics approaches.

AB - In this study, typha tassel (TT) and pussy willow (PW) as biomass sources were used to synthesize carbonaceous materials for enzymatic electrode modification. Carbonization was performed at high temperatures of up to 1000 °C under an inert atmosphere and the resulting carbonized TT (CTT) and PW (CPW) were dispersed in dimethylformamide. CTT and CPW were then characterized by SEM/EDX, MAPPING, FTIR, and XRD to confirm the carbonaceous structures. Four different immobilization strategies were used to demonstrate the use of CTT and CPW together with a glucose oxidizing enzyme (glucose oxidase, GOx), an electron transfer mediator (ferrocene, Fc), and a protective polymer coating (Chitosan, Chit). The effect of the Chit layer was first investigated on the performance of the prepared enzymatic electrodes and it was shown that Chit could help to preserve the GOx activity. The effect of the electron transfer mediator whether in a solution or co-immobilized with GOx was also investigated using a mixture of Fc and CTT or CPW and Fc-only redox active film approaches. The results indicate that when Fc co-immobilized with GOx, a better performance was achieved. The prepared electrodes showed promising results for glucose biosensing with a limit of detection and limit of quantification values of 0.97 mM and 3.2 mM, respectively, operating up to 10 mM glucose. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of different immobilization strategies of GOx on carbonaceous electrodes and provides insight into the possible use of such materials as biomass to bioelectronics approaches.

KW - Bioelectrochemistry

KW - Biosensor

KW - Carbonaceous materials

KW - Enzyme electrode

KW - Immobilization

U2 - 10.1016/j.microc.2023.109023

DO - 10.1016/j.microc.2023.109023

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85162846198

VL - 193

JO - Microchemical Journal

JF - Microchemical Journal

SN - 0026-265X

M1 - 109023

ER -