Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The fabrication and characterization of a bismuth nanoparticle modified boron doped diamond electrode and its application to the simultaneous determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II)
AU - Toghill, Kathryn E.
AU - Wildgoose, Gregory G.
AU - Moshar, Amir
AU - Mulcahy, Chris
AU - Compton, Richard G.
PY - 2008/8
Y1 - 2008/8
N2 - We report the simultaneous electroanalytical determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) using a bismuth nanoparticle modified boron doped diamond (Bi-BDD) electrode. Bi deposition was performed in situ with the analytes, from a solution of 0.1 rnM Bi(NO3)(3) in 0.1 M HClO4, (pH 1.2), and gave detection limits of 1.9 mu g L-1 and 2.3 mu g L-1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively. Pb2+ and Cd2+ could not be detected simultaneously at a bare BDD electrode, whilst on a bulk Bi macro electrode (BiBE) the limits of detection for the simultaneous determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were ca. ten times higher.In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was performed to characterize the Bi nanoparticle growth on the BDD surface over a period of 120 s. The average final size of the Bi nanoparticles was 45 +/- 25 nm in height with a number density on the electrode surface of ca. 7 x 10(9) np/cm(2) obtained. The in situ AFM characterization suggests that the Bi nanoparticles are deposited by an "instantaneous" nucleation and growth mechanism.
AB - We report the simultaneous electroanalytical determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) using a bismuth nanoparticle modified boron doped diamond (Bi-BDD) electrode. Bi deposition was performed in situ with the analytes, from a solution of 0.1 rnM Bi(NO3)(3) in 0.1 M HClO4, (pH 1.2), and gave detection limits of 1.9 mu g L-1 and 2.3 mu g L-1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively. Pb2+ and Cd2+ could not be detected simultaneously at a bare BDD electrode, whilst on a bulk Bi macro electrode (BiBE) the limits of detection for the simultaneous determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were ca. ten times higher.In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was performed to characterize the Bi nanoparticle growth on the BDD surface over a period of 120 s. The average final size of the Bi nanoparticles was 45 +/- 25 nm in height with a number density on the electrode surface of ca. 7 x 10(9) np/cm(2) obtained. The in situ AFM characterization suggests that the Bi nanoparticles are deposited by an "instantaneous" nucleation and growth mechanism.
KW - bismuth
KW - boron doped diamond
KW - cadmium
KW - lead
KW - in situ atomic force microscopy
KW - ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY
KW - FILM MERCURY-ELECTRODES
KW - CARBON ELECTRODES
KW - TRACE-METALS
KW - THIN-FILM
KW - ELECTROANALYSIS
KW - PB
KW - POTENTIALITIES
KW - NUCLEATION
KW - COPPER
U2 - 10.1002/elan.200804277
DO - 10.1002/elan.200804277
M3 - Journal article
VL - 20
SP - 1731
EP - 1737
JO - Electroanalysis
JF - Electroanalysis
SN - 1040-0397
IS - 16
ER -