Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
The Human Skin Barrier Is Organized as Stacked Bilayers of Fully Extended Ceramides with Cholesterol Molecules Associated with the Ceramide Sphingoid Moiety. / Iwai, Ichiro; Han, HongMei; den Hollander, Lianne et al.
In: Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Vol. 132, No. 9, 09.2012, p. 2215-2225.Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The Human Skin Barrier Is Organized as Stacked Bilayers of Fully Extended Ceramides with Cholesterol Molecules Associated with the Ceramide Sphingoid Moiety
AU - Iwai, Ichiro
AU - Han, HongMei
AU - den Hollander, Lianne
AU - Svensson, Stina
AU - Oefverstedt, Lars-Goeran
AU - Anwar, Jamshed
AU - Brewer, Jonathan
AU - Bloksgaard, Maria
AU - Laloeuf, Aurelie
AU - Nosek, Daniel
AU - Masich, Sergej
AU - Bagatolli, Luis A.
AU - Skoglund, Ulf
AU - Norlen, Lars
PY - 2012/9
Y1 - 2012/9
N2 - The skin barrier is fundamental to terrestrial life and its evolution; it upholds homeostasis and protects against the environment. Skin barrier capacity is controlled by lipids that fill the extracellular space of the skin's surface layer-the stratum corneum. Here we report on the determination of the molecular organization of the skin's lipid matrix in situ, in its near-native state, using a methodological approach combining very high magnification cryo-electron microscopy (EM) of vitreous skin section defocus series, molecular modeling, and EM simulation. The lipids are organized in an arrangement not previously described in a biological system-stacked bilayers of fully extended ceramides (CERs) with cholesterol molecules associated with the CER sphingoid moiety. This arrangement rationalizes the skin's low permeability toward water and toward hydrophilic and lipophilic substances, as well as the skin barrier's robustness toward hydration and dehydration, environmental temperature and pressure changes, stretching, compression, bending, and shearing.
AB - The skin barrier is fundamental to terrestrial life and its evolution; it upholds homeostasis and protects against the environment. Skin barrier capacity is controlled by lipids that fill the extracellular space of the skin's surface layer-the stratum corneum. Here we report on the determination of the molecular organization of the skin's lipid matrix in situ, in its near-native state, using a methodological approach combining very high magnification cryo-electron microscopy (EM) of vitreous skin section defocus series, molecular modeling, and EM simulation. The lipids are organized in an arrangement not previously described in a biological system-stacked bilayers of fully extended ceramides (CERs) with cholesterol molecules associated with the CER sphingoid moiety. This arrangement rationalizes the skin's low permeability toward water and toward hydrophilic and lipophilic substances, as well as the skin barrier's robustness toward hydration and dehydration, environmental temperature and pressure changes, stretching, compression, bending, and shearing.
KW - FATTY-ACID
KW - X-RAY-DIFFRACTION
KW - HYDRATION
KW - ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY
KW - PERMEABILITY BARRIER
KW - HUMAN STRATUM-CORNEUM
KW - IN-VIVO
KW - VITREOUS SECTIONS
KW - TRANSBILAYER MOVEMENT
KW - CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY
U2 - 10.1038/jid.2012.43
DO - 10.1038/jid.2012.43
M3 - Journal article
VL - 132
SP - 2215
EP - 2225
JO - Journal of Investigative Dermatology
JF - Journal of Investigative Dermatology
SN - 0022-202X
IS - 9
ER -