TY - JOUR

T1 - The Inter-temporal relationship between Risk, Capital and Efficiency

T2 - The case of Islamic and conventional banks

AU - Saeed, Momna

AU - Izzeldin, Marwan

AU - Hassan, M. Kabir

AU - Pappas, Vasileios

N1 - This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Pacific-Basin Finance Journal. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 62, 2020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacfin.2020.101328

PY - 2020/9/1

Y1 - 2020/9/1

N2 - The paper investigates the relationship between risk, capital and efficiency for Islamic and conventional banks using a dataset spanning 14 countries. We use the z-score as a proxy for insolvency risk, cost efficiency is estimated via a stochastic frontier approach and capitalisation is reflected on the equity to assets ratio. An array of bank-specific, macroeconomic and market structure variables are used in a system of three equations, estimated using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) technique. We find that the capitalisation response to increases in insolvency risk is more pronounced for Islamic banks but has an approximately five-times smaller effect on risk mitigation compared to conventional banks. Higher cost efficiency is related to lower risk for conventional banks, but the opposite is true for Islamic banks. The link between cost efficiency and capitalisation attests to a substitutional effect for the case of conventional banks, but a complementary effect for Islamic banks. Our findings give new insights on the use of efficiency to gauge capital requirements for financial institutions and are particularly relevant for regulators and policy makers in countries where both bank types operate.

AB - The paper investigates the relationship between risk, capital and efficiency for Islamic and conventional banks using a dataset spanning 14 countries. We use the z-score as a proxy for insolvency risk, cost efficiency is estimated via a stochastic frontier approach and capitalisation is reflected on the equity to assets ratio. An array of bank-specific, macroeconomic and market structure variables are used in a system of three equations, estimated using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) technique. We find that the capitalisation response to increases in insolvency risk is more pronounced for Islamic banks but has an approximately five-times smaller effect on risk mitigation compared to conventional banks. Higher cost efficiency is related to lower risk for conventional banks, but the opposite is true for Islamic banks. The link between cost efficiency and capitalisation attests to a substitutional effect for the case of conventional banks, but a complementary effect for Islamic banks. Our findings give new insights on the use of efficiency to gauge capital requirements for financial institutions and are particularly relevant for regulators and policy makers in countries where both bank types operate.

KW - Islamic banks

KW - Conventional banks

KW - Capital ratio

KW - Z-score

KW - Seemingly unrelated regression

U2 - 10.1016/j.pacfin.2020.101328

DO - 10.1016/j.pacfin.2020.101328

M3 - Journal article

VL - 62

JO - Pacific-Basin Finance Journal

JF - Pacific-Basin Finance Journal

SN - 0927-538X

M1 - 101328

ER -