This comment examines the need for and the proper scope of European consumer law as an element of European law that is separate from legislation concerned with obstacles to the internal market European contract law in general. In proposing the need to maintain a separate basis for European intervention in consumer matters, the essay examines the concept of a consumer in European law in the light of recent cases and legislative developments, the implications of the new policy of maximal harmonization as illustrated by the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, and how the Treaties may need to be adjusted to ensure a high level of protection for consumers in Europe.