TY - JOUR

T1 - Toxicity assessment and modeling of Moringa oleifera seeds in water purification by whole cell bioreporter

AU - Al-Anizi, Ali Adnan

AU - Hellyer, Maria Theresa

AU - Zhang, Dayi

PY - 2014/6/1

Y1 - 2014/6/1

N2 - Moringa oleifera has been used as a coagulation reagent for drinking water purification, especially in developing countries such as Malawi. This research revealed the cytoxicity and genotoxicity of M. oleifera by Acinetobacter bioreporter. The results indicated that significant cytoxicity effects were observed when the powdered M. oleifera seeds concentration is from 1 mg/L to 50 mg/L. Through direct contact, ethanolic-water extraction and hexane extraction, the toxic effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components in M. oleifera seeds were distinguished. It suggested that the hydrophobic lipids contributed to the dominant cytoxicity, consequently resulting in the dominant genotoxicity in the water-soluble fraction due to limited dissolution when the M. oleifera seeds granule concentration was from 10 to 1000 mg/L. Based on cytoxicity and genotoxicity model, the LC50 and LC90 of M. oleifera seeds were 8.5 mg/L and 300 mg/L respectively and their genotoxicity was equivalent to 8.3 mg mitomycin C per 1.0 g dry M. oleifera seed. The toxicity of M. oleifera has also remarkable synergistic effects, suggesting whole cell biosensor as an appropriate and complementary tool to chemical analysis for environmental toxicity assessment.

AB - Moringa oleifera has been used as a coagulation reagent for drinking water purification, especially in developing countries such as Malawi. This research revealed the cytoxicity and genotoxicity of M. oleifera by Acinetobacter bioreporter. The results indicated that significant cytoxicity effects were observed when the powdered M. oleifera seeds concentration is from 1 mg/L to 50 mg/L. Through direct contact, ethanolic-water extraction and hexane extraction, the toxic effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components in M. oleifera seeds were distinguished. It suggested that the hydrophobic lipids contributed to the dominant cytoxicity, consequently resulting in the dominant genotoxicity in the water-soluble fraction due to limited dissolution when the M. oleifera seeds granule concentration was from 10 to 1000 mg/L. Based on cytoxicity and genotoxicity model, the LC50 and LC90 of M. oleifera seeds were 8.5 mg/L and 300 mg/L respectively and their genotoxicity was equivalent to 8.3 mg mitomycin C per 1.0 g dry M. oleifera seed. The toxicity of M. oleifera has also remarkable synergistic effects, suggesting whole cell biosensor as an appropriate and complementary tool to chemical analysis for environmental toxicity assessment.

KW - moringa oleifera

KW - cytoxicity

KW - genotoxicity

KW - whole cell bioreporter

KW - Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1

U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.045

DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.045

M3 - Journal article

VL - 56

SP - 77

EP - 87

JO - Water Research

JF - Water Research

SN - 0043-1354

ER -