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Tropopause and hygropause variability over the equatorial Indian Ocean during February and March 1999.

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Tropopause and hygropause variability over the equatorial Indian Ocean during February and March 1999. / MacKenzie, A. R.; Schiller, C.; Peter, Th. et al.
In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 111, No. D18, D18112, 2006.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

Harvard

MacKenzie, AR, Schiller, C, Peter, T, Adriani, A, Beuermann, J, Bujok, O, Cairo, F, Corti, T, DiDonfrancesco, G, Gensch, I, Kiemle, C, Kramer, M, Kroeger, C, Merkulov, S, Oulanovsky, A, Ravegnani, F, Rohs, S, Rudakov, V, Salter, P, Santacesaria, V, Stefanutti, L & Yushkov, V 2006, 'Tropopause and hygropause variability over the equatorial Indian Ocean during February and March 1999.', Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 111, no. D18, D18112. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006639

APA

MacKenzie, A. R., Schiller, C., Peter, T., Adriani, A., Beuermann, J., Bujok, O., Cairo, F., Corti, T., DiDonfrancesco, G., Gensch, I., Kiemle, C., Kramer, M., Kroeger, C., Merkulov, S., Oulanovsky, A., Ravegnani, F., Rohs, S., Rudakov, V., Salter, P., ... Yushkov, V. (2006). Tropopause and hygropause variability over the equatorial Indian Ocean during February and March 1999. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 111(D18), Article D18112. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006639

Vancouver

MacKenzie AR, Schiller C, Peter T, Adriani A, Beuermann J, Bujok O et al. Tropopause and hygropause variability over the equatorial Indian Ocean during February and March 1999. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2006;111(D18):D18112. doi: 10.1029/2005JD006639

Author

MacKenzie, A. R. ; Schiller, C. ; Peter, Th. et al. / Tropopause and hygropause variability over the equatorial Indian Ocean during February and March 1999. In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2006 ; Vol. 111, No. D18.

Bibtex

@article{90c3d892a37143d3862c14b78508cb73,
title = "Tropopause and hygropause variability over the equatorial Indian Ocean during February and March 1999.",
abstract = "Measurements of temperature, water vapor, total water, ozone, and cloud properties were made above the western equatorial Indian Ocean in February and March 1999. The cold-point tropopause was at a mean pressure-altitude of 17 km, equivalent to a potential temperature of 380 K, and had a mean temperature of 190 K. Total water mixing ratios at the hygropause varied between 1.4 and 4.1 ppmv. The mean saturation water vapor mixing ratio at the cold point was 3.0 ppmv. This does not accurately represent the mean of the measured total water mixing ratios because the air was unsaturated at the cold point for about 40% of the measurements. As well as unsaturation at the cold point, saturation was observed above the cold point on almost 30% of the profiles. In such profiles the air was saturated with respect to water ice but was free of clouds (i.e., backscatter ratio <2) at potential temperatures more than 5 K above the tropopause and hygropause. Individual profiles show a great deal of variability in the potential temperatures of the cold point and hygropause. We attribute this to short timescale and space-scale perturbations superimposed on the seasonal cycle. There is neither a clear and consistent “setting” of the tropopause and hygropause to the same altitude by dehydration processes nor a clear and consistent separation of tropopause and hygropause by the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Similarly, neither the tropopause nor the hygropause provides a location where conditions consistently approach those implied by a simple “tropopause freeze drying” or “stratospheric fountain” hypothesis.",
keywords = "Tropopause, stratosphere, ozone, water vapour, cirrus, Geophysica",
author = "MacKenzie, {A. R.} and C. Schiller and Th. Peter and A. Adriani and J. Beuermann and O. Bujok and F. Cairo and T. Corti and G. DiDonfrancesco and I. Gensch and C. Kiemle and M. Kramer and C. Kroeger and S. Merkulov and A. Oulanovsky and F. Ravegnani and S. Rohs and V. Rudakov and P. Salter and V. Santacesaria and L. Stefanutti and V. Yushkov",
note = "An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright 2006 American Geophysical Union.",
year = "2006",
doi = "10.1029/2005JD006639",
language = "English",
volume = "111",
journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres",
issn = "0747-7309",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
number = "D18",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Tropopause and hygropause variability over the equatorial Indian Ocean during February and March 1999.

AU - MacKenzie, A. R.

AU - Schiller, C.

AU - Peter, Th.

AU - Adriani, A.

AU - Beuermann, J.

AU - Bujok, O.

AU - Cairo, F.

AU - Corti, T.

AU - DiDonfrancesco, G.

AU - Gensch, I.

AU - Kiemle, C.

AU - Kramer, M.

AU - Kroeger, C.

AU - Merkulov, S.

AU - Oulanovsky, A.

AU - Ravegnani, F.

AU - Rohs, S.

AU - Rudakov, V.

AU - Salter, P.

AU - Santacesaria, V.

AU - Stefanutti, L.

AU - Yushkov, V.

N1 - An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright 2006 American Geophysical Union.

PY - 2006

Y1 - 2006

N2 - Measurements of temperature, water vapor, total water, ozone, and cloud properties were made above the western equatorial Indian Ocean in February and March 1999. The cold-point tropopause was at a mean pressure-altitude of 17 km, equivalent to a potential temperature of 380 K, and had a mean temperature of 190 K. Total water mixing ratios at the hygropause varied between 1.4 and 4.1 ppmv. The mean saturation water vapor mixing ratio at the cold point was 3.0 ppmv. This does not accurately represent the mean of the measured total water mixing ratios because the air was unsaturated at the cold point for about 40% of the measurements. As well as unsaturation at the cold point, saturation was observed above the cold point on almost 30% of the profiles. In such profiles the air was saturated with respect to water ice but was free of clouds (i.e., backscatter ratio <2) at potential temperatures more than 5 K above the tropopause and hygropause. Individual profiles show a great deal of variability in the potential temperatures of the cold point and hygropause. We attribute this to short timescale and space-scale perturbations superimposed on the seasonal cycle. There is neither a clear and consistent “setting” of the tropopause and hygropause to the same altitude by dehydration processes nor a clear and consistent separation of tropopause and hygropause by the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Similarly, neither the tropopause nor the hygropause provides a location where conditions consistently approach those implied by a simple “tropopause freeze drying” or “stratospheric fountain” hypothesis.

AB - Measurements of temperature, water vapor, total water, ozone, and cloud properties were made above the western equatorial Indian Ocean in February and March 1999. The cold-point tropopause was at a mean pressure-altitude of 17 km, equivalent to a potential temperature of 380 K, and had a mean temperature of 190 K. Total water mixing ratios at the hygropause varied between 1.4 and 4.1 ppmv. The mean saturation water vapor mixing ratio at the cold point was 3.0 ppmv. This does not accurately represent the mean of the measured total water mixing ratios because the air was unsaturated at the cold point for about 40% of the measurements. As well as unsaturation at the cold point, saturation was observed above the cold point on almost 30% of the profiles. In such profiles the air was saturated with respect to water ice but was free of clouds (i.e., backscatter ratio <2) at potential temperatures more than 5 K above the tropopause and hygropause. Individual profiles show a great deal of variability in the potential temperatures of the cold point and hygropause. We attribute this to short timescale and space-scale perturbations superimposed on the seasonal cycle. There is neither a clear and consistent “setting” of the tropopause and hygropause to the same altitude by dehydration processes nor a clear and consistent separation of tropopause and hygropause by the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Similarly, neither the tropopause nor the hygropause provides a location where conditions consistently approach those implied by a simple “tropopause freeze drying” or “stratospheric fountain” hypothesis.

KW - Tropopause

KW - stratosphere

KW - ozone

KW - water vapour

KW - cirrus

KW - Geophysica

U2 - 10.1029/2005JD006639

DO - 10.1029/2005JD006639

M3 - Journal article

VL - 111

JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

SN - 0747-7309

IS - D18

M1 - D18112

ER -