This report by the Family Justice Data Partnership a collaboration between Lancaster University and Swansea University exposes the heightened socioeconomic and health vulnerabilities of women and men involved in private law proceedings in Wales. The study uses anonymised linked private law and healthcare data to examine the characteristics of those involved in a first application to the family courts between 2014/15 and 2019/20. It is the third in a series that aims to help build the evidence base on private law children cases in England and Wales.