Rights statement: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 206, 2023 DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2023.107635
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Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - YOLOv5-lotus an efficient object detection method for lotus seedpod in a natural environment
AU - Ma, Jie
AU - Lu, Ange
AU - Chen, Chen
AU - Ma, Xiandong
AU - Ma, Qiucheng
N1 - This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 206, 2023 DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2023.107635
PY - 2023/3/31
Y1 - 2023/3/31
N2 - Accurate detection of lotus seedpods in a nature environment is essential for agronomic applications for automated harvesting and yield mapping. Traditional detection methods are based on grower’s experience, which is inefficient for the large-scale production. To improve the efficiency of harvesting lotus seedpods, this study proposes a YOLOv5-lotus method to effectively detect overripe lotus seedpods. The lotus seedpods image dataset is firstly created. An improved YOLOv5 network model based on coordinate attention (CA) module is then presented, namely YOLOv5-lotus model, where CA module is developed to strengthen the model inter-channel relationships and capture long-range dependencies with precise positional information, thus improving the detection accuracy of the algorithm. In order to reveal the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method, a number of case studies are presented on the detection of overripe lotus seedpods in various scenarios, including different poses, illuminations and degrees of occlusion. Compared with the classical YOLOv5s network, the average precision of YOLOv5-lotus model is increased by 0.7 % and average detection time is reduced by 0.7 ms. Compared to other state-of-the-art networks, our detection model is able to achieve the highest average precision value, faster efficient detection speed and higher F1 score, with the average precision being 98.3 %, the recallrate being 96.3 %, the precision rate being 97.3 %, F1 score being 0.968 and average detection time being 19.4 ms. Through case studies and comparisons, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach are demonstrated. These research results can be applied to the detection of upwardly-growing conical fruit. It creates a prerequisite for the development of automatic harvesting equipment.
AB - Accurate detection of lotus seedpods in a nature environment is essential for agronomic applications for automated harvesting and yield mapping. Traditional detection methods are based on grower’s experience, which is inefficient for the large-scale production. To improve the efficiency of harvesting lotus seedpods, this study proposes a YOLOv5-lotus method to effectively detect overripe lotus seedpods. The lotus seedpods image dataset is firstly created. An improved YOLOv5 network model based on coordinate attention (CA) module is then presented, namely YOLOv5-lotus model, where CA module is developed to strengthen the model inter-channel relationships and capture long-range dependencies with precise positional information, thus improving the detection accuracy of the algorithm. In order to reveal the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method, a number of case studies are presented on the detection of overripe lotus seedpods in various scenarios, including different poses, illuminations and degrees of occlusion. Compared with the classical YOLOv5s network, the average precision of YOLOv5-lotus model is increased by 0.7 % and average detection time is reduced by 0.7 ms. Compared to other state-of-the-art networks, our detection model is able to achieve the highest average precision value, faster efficient detection speed and higher F1 score, with the average precision being 98.3 %, the recallrate being 96.3 %, the precision rate being 97.3 %, F1 score being 0.968 and average detection time being 19.4 ms. Through case studies and comparisons, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach are demonstrated. These research results can be applied to the detection of upwardly-growing conical fruit. It creates a prerequisite for the development of automatic harvesting equipment.
KW - Lotus seedpods
KW - YOLOv5-lotus model
KW - CA module
KW - Automated harvesting
U2 - 10.1016/j.compag.2023.107635
DO - 10.1016/j.compag.2023.107635
M3 - Journal article
VL - 206
JO - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
SN - 0168-1699
M1 - 107635
ER -