This data was collected in four Brazilian informal settlements located in the city of Salvador - the third largest city of Brazil - in the wet season of the year 2018. The data includes the collection of three rat abundance metrics - namely, rat marks on track plates, rats caught in live traps and removed, and presence of rat signs (faecal droppings, trails and active burrows) - in a total of 529 independent sampling locations. In addition to the single rat metrics, which were also used to compose the rattiness outcome, the data contain the baseline environmental and socioeconomic (surveyed and mapped) variables and the BUS variables considered in Carvalho-Pereira et al., 2023. (the data will be available soon)