My interest is in the intersection of technology and the individual in the context of conflict, security studies and strategy. My thesis explores the concept of gray zone conflict in terms of cyber operations. I explore the cyberwar debate and apply gray zone logic to it. While this approach offers a richer and more nuanced understanding than can be achieved through the cyberwar theory the gray zone still fails to compensate for the most significant flaws in the concept of cyberwar.

My MA research project concentrated of the Syrian Electronic Army (SEA) and their operations, primarily consisted of social engineering attacks.

In addition to my current reseach I am an Associate Lecturer teaching first year Politics and International Relations. I am also an Internship Coordinator for the Richardson Institute.

MA International Relations (2013) Lancaster University

BA (Hons) Politics with International Relations (2011) Lancaster University

Thesis: The Gray Zone: An Alternative to Cyberwar

Reserach Project, pending approval:

A comprehensive analysis of future vulnerability to cyber operations emanating from the gray zone.