Final published version
Licence: CC BY: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - 2021 roadmap for sodium-ion batteries
AU - Tapia-Ruiz, N.
AU - Armstrong, A.R.
AU - Alptekin, H.
AU - Amores, M.A.
AU - Au, H.
AU - Barker, J.
AU - Boston, R.
AU - Brant, W.R.
AU - Brittain, J.M.
AU - Chen, Y.
AU - Chhowalla, M.
AU - Choi, Y.-S.
AU - Costa, S.I.R.
AU - Ribadeneyra, M.C.
AU - Cussen, S.A.
AU - Cussen, E.J.
AU - David, W.I.F.
AU - Desai, A.V.
AU - Dickson, S.A.M.
AU - Eweka, E.I.
AU - Forero-Saboya, J.D.
AU - Grey, C.P.
AU - Griffin, J.M.
AU - Gross, P.
AU - Hua, X.
AU - Irvine, J.T.S.
AU - Johansson, P.
AU - Jones, M.O.
AU - Karlsmo, M.
AU - Kendrick, E.
AU - Kim, E.
AU - Kolosov, O.V.
AU - Li, Z.
AU - Mertens, S.F.L.
AU - Mogensen, R.
AU - Monconduit, L.
AU - Morris, R.E.
AU - Naylor, A.J.
AU - Nikman, S.
AU - O'Keefe, C.A.
AU - Ould, D.M.C.
AU - Palgrave, R.G.
AU - Poizot, P.
AU - Ponrouch, A.
AU - Renault, S.
AU - Reynolds, E.M.
AU - Rudola, A.
AU - Sayers, R.
AU - Scanlon, D.O.
AU - Sen, S.
AU - Seymour, V.R.
AU - Silván, B.
AU - Sougrati, M.T.
AU - Stievano, L.
AU - Stone, G.S.
AU - Thomas, C.I.
AU - Titirici, M.-M.
AU - Tong, J.
AU - Wood, T.J.
AU - Wright, D.S.
AU - Younesi, R.
PY - 2021/7/26
Y1 - 2021/7/26
N2 - Increasing concerns regarding the sustainability of lithium sources, due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase, have raised awareness of the importance of developing alternative energy-storage candidates that can sustain the ever-growing energy demand. Furthermore, limitations on the availability of the transition metals used in the manufacturing of cathode materials, together with questionable mining practices, are driving development towards more sustainable elements. Given the uniformly high abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium, as well as its very suitable redox potential (close to that of lithium), sodium-ion battery technology offers tremendous potential to be a counterpart to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in different application scenarios, such as stationary energy storage and low-cost vehicles. This potential is reflected by the major investments that are being made by industry in a wide variety of markets and in diverse material combinations. Despite the associated advantages of being a drop-in replacement for LIBs, there are remarkable differences in the physicochemical properties between sodium and lithium that give rise to different behaviours, for example, different coordination preferences in compounds, desolvation energies, or solubility of the solid-electrolyte interphase inorganic salt components. This demands a more detailed study of the underlying physical and chemical processes occurring in sodium-ion batteries and allows great scope for groundbreaking advances in the field, from lab-scale to scale-up. This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in academia and industry of the current state of the art in 2021 and the different research directions and strategies currently underway to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges and opportunities, from the fundamental properties to the practical applications of this technology.
AB - Increasing concerns regarding the sustainability of lithium sources, due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase, have raised awareness of the importance of developing alternative energy-storage candidates that can sustain the ever-growing energy demand. Furthermore, limitations on the availability of the transition metals used in the manufacturing of cathode materials, together with questionable mining practices, are driving development towards more sustainable elements. Given the uniformly high abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium, as well as its very suitable redox potential (close to that of lithium), sodium-ion battery technology offers tremendous potential to be a counterpart to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in different application scenarios, such as stationary energy storage and low-cost vehicles. This potential is reflected by the major investments that are being made by industry in a wide variety of markets and in diverse material combinations. Despite the associated advantages of being a drop-in replacement for LIBs, there are remarkable differences in the physicochemical properties between sodium and lithium that give rise to different behaviours, for example, different coordination preferences in compounds, desolvation energies, or solubility of the solid-electrolyte interphase inorganic salt components. This demands a more detailed study of the underlying physical and chemical processes occurring in sodium-ion batteries and allows great scope for groundbreaking advances in the field, from lab-scale to scale-up. This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in academia and industry of the current state of the art in 2021 and the different research directions and strategies currently underway to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges and opportunities, from the fundamental properties to the practical applications of this technology.
KW - Anodes
KW - Batteries
KW - Cathodes
KW - Electrolytes
KW - Energy materials
KW - Sodium ion
KW - Cost effectiveness
KW - Energy storage
KW - Investments
KW - Lithium-ion batteries
KW - Metal ions
KW - Physicochemical properties
KW - Redox reactions
KW - Solid electrolytes
KW - Transition metals
KW - Alternative energy
KW - Application scenario
KW - Desolvation energy
KW - Diverse materials
KW - Fundamental properties
KW - Solid electrolyte interphase
KW - State of the art
KW - Stationary energy storages
KW - Sodium-ion batteries
U2 - 10.1088/2515-7655/ac01ef
DO - 10.1088/2515-7655/ac01ef
M3 - Journal article
VL - 3
JO - J Phys Energy
JF - J Phys Energy
IS - 3
M1 - 031503
ER -