Accepted author manuscript, 751 KB, PDF document
Available under license: CC BY: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Final published version
Licence: CC BY: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Letter › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Letter › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Acoustic emission in bulk normal and superfluid 3He
AU - Noble, Theo
AU - Midlik, Šimon
AU - Colman, Liam
AU - Schmoranzer, David
AU - Tsepelin, Viktor
PY - 2023/4/17
Y1 - 2023/4/17
N2 - We present measurements of the damping experienced by custom-made quartz tuning forks submerged in 3He covering frequencies from 20 kHz to 600 kHz. Measurements were conducted in the bulk of normal liquid 3He at temperatures from 1.5 K down to 12 mK and in superfluid 3He-B well below the critical temperature. The presented results complement earlier work on tuning fork damping in 3He, removing possible ambiguities associated with acoustic emission within partially enclosed volumes and extend the probed range of frequencies, leading to a clearly established frequency dependence of the acoustic losses. Our results validate existing models of damping and point toward the same mechanism of wave emission of first sound in normal 3He and liquid 4He and zero sound in superfluid 3He. We observe a steep frequency dependence of the damping ≈ f5.5, which starts to dominate around 100 kHz and restricts the use of tuning forks as efficient sensors in quantum fluids. The acoustic emission model can predict the limiting frequencies for various devices, including micro-electromechanical and nano-electromechanical structures developed for quantum turbulence and single vortex dynamics research.
AB - We present measurements of the damping experienced by custom-made quartz tuning forks submerged in 3He covering frequencies from 20 kHz to 600 kHz. Measurements were conducted in the bulk of normal liquid 3He at temperatures from 1.5 K down to 12 mK and in superfluid 3He-B well below the critical temperature. The presented results complement earlier work on tuning fork damping in 3He, removing possible ambiguities associated with acoustic emission within partially enclosed volumes and extend the probed range of frequencies, leading to a clearly established frequency dependence of the acoustic losses. Our results validate existing models of damping and point toward the same mechanism of wave emission of first sound in normal 3He and liquid 4He and zero sound in superfluid 3He. We observe a steep frequency dependence of the damping ≈ f5.5, which starts to dominate around 100 kHz and restricts the use of tuning forks as efficient sensors in quantum fluids. The acoustic emission model can predict the limiting frequencies for various devices, including micro-electromechanical and nano-electromechanical structures developed for quantum turbulence and single vortex dynamics research.
KW - Superfluidity
KW - Acoustic Emission
KW - Quartz Tuning Fork
KW - Liquid 3He
KW - Superfluid 3He-B
KW - Mechanical Resonator
U2 - 10.1063/5.0148457
DO - 10.1063/5.0148457
M3 - Letter
VL - 122
JO - Applied Physics Letters
JF - Applied Physics Letters
SN - 0003-6951
IS - 16
M1 - 163502
ER -