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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Euclid. III. The NISP Instrument
AU - Euclid Collaboration
AU - Euclid Collaboration, null
AU - Jahnke, K.
AU - Gillard, W.
AU - Schirmer, M.
AU - Ealet, A.
AU - Maciaszek, T.
AU - Prieto, E.
AU - Barbier, R.
AU - Bonoli, C.
AU - Corcione, L.
AU - Dusini, S.
AU - Grupp, F.
AU - Hormuth, F.
AU - Ligori, S.
AU - Martin, L.
AU - Morgante, G.
AU - Padilla, C.
AU - Toledo-Moreo, R.
AU - Trifoglio, M.
AU - Valenziano, L.
AU - Bender, R.
AU - Castander, F. J.
AU - Garilli, B.
AU - Lilje, P. B.
AU - Rix, H.-W.
AU - Auricchio, N.
AU - Balestra, A.
AU - Barriere, J.-C.
AU - Battaglia, P.
AU - Berthe, M.
AU - Bodendorf, C.
AU - Boenke, T.
AU - Bon, W.
AU - Bonnefoi, A.
AU - Caillat, A.
AU - Capobianco, V.
AU - Carle, M.
AU - Casas, R.
AU - Cho, H.
AU - Costille, A.
AU - Ducret, F.
AU - Ferriol, S.
AU - Franceschi, E.
AU - Gimenez, J.-L.
AU - Holmes, W.
AU - Hornstrup, A.
AU - Jhabvala, M.
AU - Kohley, R.
AU - Kubik, B.
AU - Hook, I.
PY - 2024/8/30
Y1 - 2024/8/30
N2 - The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R>=450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950-2020nm wavelength range. In this reference article we illuminate the background of NISP's functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument's integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated, and its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and technical background are included. NISP's 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0.3" pix^-1 deliver a field-of-view of 0.57deg^2. In photo mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100s exposure time, for point sources and with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5. For spectroscopy, NISP's point-source sensitivity is a SNR = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2x10^-16erg/s/cm^2 integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4A, in 3x560s grism exposures at 1.6 mu (redshifted Ha). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity, to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy of better than 1.5%, and relative spectrophotometry to better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be better than 5A. NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the NIR for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST - and an enormous advance due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid's 6-year survey covering 14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone for determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its NIR data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades.
AB - The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R>=450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950-2020nm wavelength range. In this reference article we illuminate the background of NISP's functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument's integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated, and its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and technical background are included. NISP's 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0.3" pix^-1 deliver a field-of-view of 0.57deg^2. In photo mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100s exposure time, for point sources and with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5. For spectroscopy, NISP's point-source sensitivity is a SNR = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2x10^-16erg/s/cm^2 integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4A, in 3x560s grism exposures at 1.6 mu (redshifted Ha). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity, to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy of better than 1.5%, and relative spectrophotometry to better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be better than 5A. NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the NIR for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST - and an enormous advance due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid's 6-year survey covering 14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone for determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its NIR data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades.
KW - Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
KW - Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
KW - Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
M3 - Journal article
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
SN - 1432-0746
ER -