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Evidence for a luminosity-decay correlation in GRB GeV light curves

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

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  • K R Hinds
  • S R Oates
  • M Nicholl
  • J Patel
  • N Omodei
  • B Gompertz
  • J L Racusin
  • G Ryan
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>31/12/2023
<mark>Journal</mark>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Issue number3
Volume526
Number of pages7
Pages (from-to)3400-3406
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date22/09/23
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

Correlations between intrinsic properties of gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curves provide clues to the nature of the central engine, the jet, and a possible means to standardize GRBs for cosmological use. Here, we report on the discovery of a correlation between the intrinsic early-time luminosity, LG,10 s, measured at rest frame 10 s, and the average decay rate measured from rest frame 10 s onward, $\alpha _{\mathrm{G,avg\gt 10\, s}}$, in a sample of 13 Fermi Large Area Telescope long GRB light curves. We note that our selection criteria, in particular the requirement for a redshift to construct luminosity light curves, naturally limits our sample to energetic GRBs. A Spearman’s rank correlation gives a coefficient of –0.74, corresponding to a confidence level of 99.6 per cent, indicating that brighter afterglows decay faster than less luminous ones. Assuming a linear relation with log(LG,10s), we find $\alpha _{\mathrm{G,avg\gt 10\, s}}$$= -0.31_{-0.09}^{+0.12}\log ($LG,10s$) + 14.43_{-5.97}^{+4.55}$. The slope of −0.31 is consistent at 1σ with previously identified correlations in the optical/ultraviolet and X-ray light curves. We speculate that differences in the rate at which energy is released by the central engine or differences in observer viewing angle may be responsible for the correlation.