TY - JOUR

T1 - Fabry–Perot interferometric calibration of van der Waals material-based nanomechanical resonators

AU - Aguila, Myrron Albert Callera

AU - Esmenda, Joshoua

AU - Wang, Jyh-Yang

AU - Lee, Teik-Hui

AU - Yang, Chi-Yuan

AU - Lin, Kung-Hsuan

AU - Chang-Liao, Kuei-Shu

AU - Kafanov, Sergey

AU - Pashkin, Yuri

AU - Chen, Chii-Dong

PY - 2022/1/20

Y1 - 2022/1/20

N2 - One of the challenges in integrating nanomechanical resonators made from van der Waals materials in optoelectromechanical technologies is characterizing their dynamic properties from vibrational displacement. Multiple calibration schemes using optical interferometry have tackled this challenge. However, these techniques are limited only to optically thin resonators with an optimal vacuum gap height and substrate for interferometric detection. Here, we address this limitation by implementing a modeling-based approach via multilayer thin-film interference for in situ, non-invasive determination of the resonator thickness, gap height, and motional amplitude. This method is demonstrated on niobium diselenide drumheads that are electromotively driven in their linear regime of motion. The laser scanning confocal configuration enables a resolution of hundreds of picometers in motional amplitude for circular and elliptical devices. The measured thickness and spacer height, determined to be in the order of tens and hundreds of nanometers, respectively, are in excellent agreement with profilometric measurements. Moreover, the transduction factor estimated from our method agrees with the result of other studies that resolved Brownian motion. This characterization method, which applies to both flexural and acoustic wave nanomechanical resonators, is robust because of its scalability to thickness and gap height, and any form of reflecting substrate.

AB - One of the challenges in integrating nanomechanical resonators made from van der Waals materials in optoelectromechanical technologies is characterizing their dynamic properties from vibrational displacement. Multiple calibration schemes using optical interferometry have tackled this challenge. However, these techniques are limited only to optically thin resonators with an optimal vacuum gap height and substrate for interferometric detection. Here, we address this limitation by implementing a modeling-based approach via multilayer thin-film interference for in situ, non-invasive determination of the resonator thickness, gap height, and motional amplitude. This method is demonstrated on niobium diselenide drumheads that are electromotively driven in their linear regime of motion. The laser scanning confocal configuration enables a resolution of hundreds of picometers in motional amplitude for circular and elliptical devices. The measured thickness and spacer height, determined to be in the order of tens and hundreds of nanometers, respectively, are in excellent agreement with profilometric measurements. Moreover, the transduction factor estimated from our method agrees with the result of other studies that resolved Brownian motion. This characterization method, which applies to both flexural and acoustic wave nanomechanical resonators, is robust because of its scalability to thickness and gap height, and any form of reflecting substrate.

U2 - 10.1039/d1na00794g

DO - 10.1039/d1na00794g

M3 - Journal article

VL - 4

SP - 502

EP - 509

JO - Nanoscale Advances

JF - Nanoscale Advances

SN - 2516-0230

IS - 2

ER -