Frailty is often seen as the absence of resilience. There is evidence to support prevention and intervention strategies for frailty across the range of robust to frail older adults. The role of health psychology in the design and implementation of interventions and the development of understanding that frailty can be addressed even amongst the very old is central to progress in improving quality of life for people at all stages of frailty and also to improving resilience. This chapter reviews the concept of frailty, currently based largely on a physically described syndrome, and examines the role of psychological and social variables in the interaction between frailty and outcomes for the individual. The phenomenon of resilience despite frailty is examined in the context of outcomes of research that suggest that support for developing resilience is needed alongside interventions for frailty.