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Graphene based plasmonic terahertz amplitude modulator operating above 100 MHz

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

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  • David S. Jessop
  • Stephen J. Kindness
  • Lei Xiao
  • Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer
  • Hungyen Lin
  • Yuan Ren
  • C.X. Ren
  • Stephan Hofmann
  • J. Axel Zeitler
  • Harvey E. Beere
  • D. A. Ritchie
  • Riccardo Degl'innocenti
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Article number171101
<mark>Journal publication date</mark>26/04/2016
<mark>Journal</mark>Applied Physics Letters
Issue number17
Volume108
Number of pages5
Publication StatusPublished
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

The terahertz (THz) region of the electromagnetic spectrum holds great potential in many fields of
study, from spectroscopy to biomedical imaging, remote gas sensing, and high speed
communication. To fully exploit this potential, fast optoelectronic devices such as amplitude and
phase modulators must be developed. In this work, we present a room temperature external THz
amplitude modulator based on plasmonic bow-tie antenna arrays with graphene. By applying a
modulating bias to a back gate electrode, the conductivity of graphene is changed, which modifies
the reflection characteristics of the incoming THz radiation. The broadband response of the device
was characterized by using THz time-domain spectroscopy, and the modulation characteristics
such as the modulation depth and cut-off frequency were investigated with a 2.0 THz single frequency emission quantum cascade laser. An optical modulation cut-off frequency of 105 6 15
MHz is reported. The results agree well with a lumped element circuit model developed to describe
the device.

Bibliographic note

C 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).