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Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol

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Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. / Hossaini, R.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Saiz-Lopez, A. et al.
In: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, No. 11, 01.07.2015, p. 4573-4580.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

Harvard

Hossaini, R, Chipperfield, MP, Saiz-Lopez, A, Harrison, JJ, von Glasow, R, Sommariva, R, Atlas, E, Navarro, M, Montzka, SA, Feng, W, Dhomse, S, Harth, C, Mühle, J, Lunder, C, O'Doherty, S, Young, D, Reimann, S, Vollmer, MK, Krummel, PB & Bernath, PF 2015, 'Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 4573-4580. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063783

APA

Hossaini, R., Chipperfield, M. P., Saiz-Lopez, A., Harrison, J. J., von Glasow, R., Sommariva, R., Atlas, E., Navarro, M., Montzka, S. A., Feng, W., Dhomse, S., Harth, C., Mühle, J., Lunder, C., O'Doherty, S., Young, D., Reimann, S., Vollmer, M. K., Krummel, P. B., & Bernath, P. F. (2015). Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(11), 4573-4580. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063783

Vancouver

Hossaini R, Chipperfield MP, Saiz-Lopez A, Harrison JJ, von Glasow R, Sommariva R et al. Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. Geophysical Research Letters. 2015 Jul 1;42(11):4573-4580. Epub 2015 May 9. doi: 10.1002/2015GL063783

Author

Hossaini, R. ; Chipperfield, M. P. ; Saiz-Lopez, A. et al. / Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. In: Geophysical Research Letters. 2015 ; Vol. 42, No. 11. pp. 4573-4580.

Bibtex

@article{141bd8c4b3134d078a280a2baac0c13b,
title = "Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol",
abstract = "We have developed a chemical mechanism describing the tropospheric degradation of chlorine containing very short-lived substances (VSLS). The scheme was included in a global atmospheric model and used to quantify the stratospheric injection of chlorine from anthropogenic VSLS ( inline image) between 2005 and 2013. By constraining the model with surface measurements of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4), trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and 1,2-dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl), we infer a 2013 inline image mixing ratio of 123 parts per trillion (ppt). Stratospheric injection of source gases dominates this supply, accounting for ∼83% of the total. The remainder comes from VSLS-derived organic products, phosgene (COCl2, 7%) and formyl chloride (CHClO, 2%), and also hydrogen chloride (HCl, 8%). Stratospheric inline image increased by ∼52% between 2005 and 2013, with a mean growth rate of 3.7 ppt Cl/yr. This increase is due to recent and ongoing growth in anthropogenic CH2Cl2—the most abundant chlorinated VSLS not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.",
keywords = "BROMINE, BROMOCARBONS, CHEMISTRY, CLIMATE MODEL, HCL, IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS, Montreal Protocol, OZONE LOSS, TRANSPORT, TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER, TROPOSPHERE, VSLS, dichloromethane, ozone, phosgene, stratosphere",
author = "R. Hossaini and Chipperfield, {M. P.} and A. Saiz-Lopez and Harrison, {J. J.} and {von Glasow}, R. and R. Sommariva and E. Atlas and M. Navarro and Montzka, {S. A.} and W. Feng and S. Dhomse and C. Harth and J. M{\"u}hle and C. Lunder and S. O'Doherty and D. Young and S. Reimann and Vollmer, {M. K.} and Krummel, {P. B.} and Bernath, {P. F.}",
year = "2015",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/2015GL063783",
language = "English",
volume = "42",
pages = "4573--4580",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd",
number = "11",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol

AU - Hossaini, R.

AU - Chipperfield, M. P.

AU - Saiz-Lopez, A.

AU - Harrison, J. J.

AU - von Glasow, R.

AU - Sommariva, R.

AU - Atlas, E.

AU - Navarro, M.

AU - Montzka, S. A.

AU - Feng, W.

AU - Dhomse, S.

AU - Harth, C.

AU - Mühle, J.

AU - Lunder, C.

AU - O'Doherty, S.

AU - Young, D.

AU - Reimann, S.

AU - Vollmer, M. K.

AU - Krummel, P. B.

AU - Bernath, P. F.

PY - 2015/7/1

Y1 - 2015/7/1

N2 - We have developed a chemical mechanism describing the tropospheric degradation of chlorine containing very short-lived substances (VSLS). The scheme was included in a global atmospheric model and used to quantify the stratospheric injection of chlorine from anthropogenic VSLS ( inline image) between 2005 and 2013. By constraining the model with surface measurements of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4), trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and 1,2-dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl), we infer a 2013 inline image mixing ratio of 123 parts per trillion (ppt). Stratospheric injection of source gases dominates this supply, accounting for ∼83% of the total. The remainder comes from VSLS-derived organic products, phosgene (COCl2, 7%) and formyl chloride (CHClO, 2%), and also hydrogen chloride (HCl, 8%). Stratospheric inline image increased by ∼52% between 2005 and 2013, with a mean growth rate of 3.7 ppt Cl/yr. This increase is due to recent and ongoing growth in anthropogenic CH2Cl2—the most abundant chlorinated VSLS not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

AB - We have developed a chemical mechanism describing the tropospheric degradation of chlorine containing very short-lived substances (VSLS). The scheme was included in a global atmospheric model and used to quantify the stratospheric injection of chlorine from anthropogenic VSLS ( inline image) between 2005 and 2013. By constraining the model with surface measurements of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4), trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and 1,2-dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl), we infer a 2013 inline image mixing ratio of 123 parts per trillion (ppt). Stratospheric injection of source gases dominates this supply, accounting for ∼83% of the total. The remainder comes from VSLS-derived organic products, phosgene (COCl2, 7%) and formyl chloride (CHClO, 2%), and also hydrogen chloride (HCl, 8%). Stratospheric inline image increased by ∼52% between 2005 and 2013, with a mean growth rate of 3.7 ppt Cl/yr. This increase is due to recent and ongoing growth in anthropogenic CH2Cl2—the most abundant chlorinated VSLS not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

KW - BROMINE

KW - BROMOCARBONS

KW - CHEMISTRY

KW - CLIMATE MODEL

KW - HCL

KW - IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS

KW - Montreal Protocol

KW - OZONE LOSS

KW - TRANSPORT

KW - TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER

KW - TROPOSPHERE

KW - VSLS

KW - dichloromethane

KW - ozone

KW - phosgene

KW - stratosphere

U2 - 10.1002/2015GL063783

DO - 10.1002/2015GL063783

M3 - Journal article

VL - 42

SP - 4573

EP - 4580

JO - Geophysical Research Letters

JF - Geophysical Research Letters

SN - 0094-8276

IS - 11

ER -