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Instrumental variable estimation of the causal effect of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D on colorectal cancer risk: a mendelian randomization analysis

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Instrumental variable estimation of the causal effect of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D on colorectal cancer risk: a mendelian randomization analysis. / Theodoratou, Evropi; Palmer, Tom; Zgaga, Lina et al.
In: PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, No. 6, e37662, 06.06.2012.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Harvard

Theodoratou, E, Palmer, T, Zgaga, L, Farrington, SM, McKeigue, P, Din, FVN, Tenesa, A, Davey-Smith, G, Dunlop, MG & Campbell, H 2012, 'Instrumental variable estimation of the causal effect of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D on colorectal cancer risk: a mendelian randomization analysis', PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 6, e37662. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037662

APA

Theodoratou, E., Palmer, T., Zgaga, L., Farrington, S. M., McKeigue, P., Din, F. V. N., Tenesa, A., Davey-Smith, G., Dunlop, M. G., & Campbell, H. (2012). Instrumental variable estimation of the causal effect of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D on colorectal cancer risk: a mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS ONE, 7(6), Article e37662. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037662

Vancouver

Theodoratou E, Palmer T, Zgaga L, Farrington SM, McKeigue P, Din FVN et al. Instrumental variable estimation of the causal effect of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D on colorectal cancer risk: a mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS ONE. 2012 Jun 6;7(6):e37662. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037662

Author

Bibtex

@article{07496b75209f4b339cb326d12a475a9a,
title = "Instrumental variable estimation of the causal effect of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D on colorectal cancer risk: a mendelian randomization analysis",
abstract = "Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with several common diseases, including cancer and is being investigated as a possible risk factor for these conditions. We reported the striking prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Scotland. Previous epidemiological studies have reported an association between low dietary vitamin D and colorectal cancer (CRC). Using a case-control study design, we tested the association between plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD) and CRC (2,001 cases, 2,237 controls). To determine whether plasma 25-OHD levels are causally linked to CRC risk, we applied the control function instrumental variable (IV) method of the mendelian randomization (MR) approach using four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2282679, rs12785878, rs10741657, rs6013897) previously shown to be associated with plasma 25-OHD. Low plasma 25-OHD levels were associated with CRC risk in the crude model (odds ratio (OR): 0.76, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.71, 0.81, p: 1.4×10(-14)) and after adjusting for age, sex and other confounding factors. Using an allele score that combined all four SNPs as the IV, the estimated causal effect was OR 1.16 (95% CI 0.60, 2.23), whilst it was 0.94 (95% CI 0.46, 1.91) and 0.93 (0.53, 1.63) when using an upstream (rs12785878, rs10741657) and a downstream allele score (rs2282679, rs6013897), respectively. 25-OHD levels were inversely associated with CRC risk, in agreement with recent meta-analyses. The fact that this finding was not replicated when the MR approach was employed might be due to weak instruments, giving low power to demonstrate an effect (<0.35). The prevalence and degree of vitamin D deficiency amongst individuals living in northerly latitudes is of considerable importance because of its relationship to disease. To elucidate the effect of vitamin D on CRC cancer risk, additional large studies of vitamin D and CRC risk are required and/or the application of alternative methods that are less sensitive to weak instrument restrictions.",
keywords = "25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Chromatography, Liquid, Colorectal Neoplasms, Female, Genotype, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Male, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, Scotland, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Vitamin D Deficiency",
author = "Evropi Theodoratou and Tom Palmer and Lina Zgaga and Farrington, {Susan M} and Paul McKeigue and Din, {Farhat V. N.} and Albert Tenesa and George Davey-Smith and Dunlop, {Malcolm G.} and Harry Campbell",
year = "2012",
month = jun,
day = "6",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0037662",
language = "English",
volume = "7",
journal = "PLoS ONE",
issn = "1932-6203",
publisher = "Public Library of Science",
number = "6",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Instrumental variable estimation of the causal effect of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D on colorectal cancer risk

T2 - a mendelian randomization analysis

AU - Theodoratou, Evropi

AU - Palmer, Tom

AU - Zgaga, Lina

AU - Farrington, Susan M

AU - McKeigue, Paul

AU - Din, Farhat V. N.

AU - Tenesa, Albert

AU - Davey-Smith, George

AU - Dunlop, Malcolm G.

AU - Campbell, Harry

PY - 2012/6/6

Y1 - 2012/6/6

N2 - Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with several common diseases, including cancer and is being investigated as a possible risk factor for these conditions. We reported the striking prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Scotland. Previous epidemiological studies have reported an association between low dietary vitamin D and colorectal cancer (CRC). Using a case-control study design, we tested the association between plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD) and CRC (2,001 cases, 2,237 controls). To determine whether plasma 25-OHD levels are causally linked to CRC risk, we applied the control function instrumental variable (IV) method of the mendelian randomization (MR) approach using four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2282679, rs12785878, rs10741657, rs6013897) previously shown to be associated with plasma 25-OHD. Low plasma 25-OHD levels were associated with CRC risk in the crude model (odds ratio (OR): 0.76, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.71, 0.81, p: 1.4×10(-14)) and after adjusting for age, sex and other confounding factors. Using an allele score that combined all four SNPs as the IV, the estimated causal effect was OR 1.16 (95% CI 0.60, 2.23), whilst it was 0.94 (95% CI 0.46, 1.91) and 0.93 (0.53, 1.63) when using an upstream (rs12785878, rs10741657) and a downstream allele score (rs2282679, rs6013897), respectively. 25-OHD levels were inversely associated with CRC risk, in agreement with recent meta-analyses. The fact that this finding was not replicated when the MR approach was employed might be due to weak instruments, giving low power to demonstrate an effect (<0.35). The prevalence and degree of vitamin D deficiency amongst individuals living in northerly latitudes is of considerable importance because of its relationship to disease. To elucidate the effect of vitamin D on CRC cancer risk, additional large studies of vitamin D and CRC risk are required and/or the application of alternative methods that are less sensitive to weak instrument restrictions.

AB - Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with several common diseases, including cancer and is being investigated as a possible risk factor for these conditions. We reported the striking prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Scotland. Previous epidemiological studies have reported an association between low dietary vitamin D and colorectal cancer (CRC). Using a case-control study design, we tested the association between plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD) and CRC (2,001 cases, 2,237 controls). To determine whether plasma 25-OHD levels are causally linked to CRC risk, we applied the control function instrumental variable (IV) method of the mendelian randomization (MR) approach using four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2282679, rs12785878, rs10741657, rs6013897) previously shown to be associated with plasma 25-OHD. Low plasma 25-OHD levels were associated with CRC risk in the crude model (odds ratio (OR): 0.76, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.71, 0.81, p: 1.4×10(-14)) and after adjusting for age, sex and other confounding factors. Using an allele score that combined all four SNPs as the IV, the estimated causal effect was OR 1.16 (95% CI 0.60, 2.23), whilst it was 0.94 (95% CI 0.46, 1.91) and 0.93 (0.53, 1.63) when using an upstream (rs12785878, rs10741657) and a downstream allele score (rs2282679, rs6013897), respectively. 25-OHD levels were inversely associated with CRC risk, in agreement with recent meta-analyses. The fact that this finding was not replicated when the MR approach was employed might be due to weak instruments, giving low power to demonstrate an effect (<0.35). The prevalence and degree of vitamin D deficiency amongst individuals living in northerly latitudes is of considerable importance because of its relationship to disease. To elucidate the effect of vitamin D on CRC cancer risk, additional large studies of vitamin D and CRC risk are required and/or the application of alternative methods that are less sensitive to weak instrument restrictions.

KW - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Case-Control Studies

KW - Chromatography, Liquid

KW - Colorectal Neoplasms

KW - Female

KW - Genotype

KW - Humans

KW - Likelihood Functions

KW - Male

KW - Mendelian Randomization Analysis

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Odds Ratio

KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Scotland

KW - Tandem Mass Spectrometry

KW - Vitamin D Deficiency

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0037662

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0037662

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 22701574

VL - 7

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

SN - 1932-6203

IS - 6

M1 - e37662

ER -