Over the past two decades, the domain of language testing and assessment has grown substantially. The field has experienced significant professionalization, resulting in new academic journals and professional associations, as well as the burgeoning research area of language assessment literacy. Language assessment now interfaces directly with a new range of disciplinary fields, largely due to the increased integration of digital technologies in language assessment practices. This article provides an overview of current approaches to language assessment, focusing throughout on recent changes across professional practices, and challenges for the future of the field.